Differential forms and integrability of subbundle












1












$begingroup$


first merry Christmas to the team. Now let be $M$ a manifold of dimension $n in mathbb{N}$. Let be $alpha_{1}, alpha_{2}, ..., alpha_{n-k}$ $n-k$ $1$-forms linearly independent in each points of $M$. I suppose those forms are smooth. For all $x in M$, let be $P_{x} = bigcap_{i = 1}^{n-k}Ker(alpha_{i}(x))$ and $omega = alpha_{1} wedge alpha_{2} wedge ... wedge alpha_{n-k}$.
I shown $P$ is a subbundle of $TM$.



I would like to show that [for all $x in M$ it exists $f in C^{infty}(M)$ such that $f(x) neq 0$ and such that $d(fomega) = 0$ on neighbourhood of $x$] if I suppose $P$ is integrable.



Here is the reason I made :
Let be $x in M$. Let be $U$ a small neighbourhood of $x$ and $(a_{i})_{i in <n-k+1, n>}$ 1-differentials forms and $(X_{i})_{i in <1, n>}$ smooth vectorial fields construct the following way : lets complete $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n-k>}$ in a base $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n>}$ of $T^{*}_{x}M$. We can suppose $U$ small enough such that it's the domain of a map $phi$. For all $i in <n-k+1, n>$, $alpha_{i}(x) = sum_{j = 1}^{n}a_{j}^{i}d(phi_{j})(x)$. As the determinant is a continuous map we can suppose $U$ small enough such that $alpha_{i}(.) := dbeta_{i}(.)$(where $beta_{i}(.) = sum_{j = 1}^{n}a_{j}^{i}phi_{j}(.)$) is such that for all $y in U$, $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n>}$ is a base of $T_{y}^{*}M$. Now we can construct $(X_{i})_{i in <1, n>}$ smotth vectorial fields on $U$ such that $alpha_{i}(X_{j}) = delta_{ij}(1)$ on $U$.



Now, I wrote $[X_{i}, X_{j}] = sum_{l = 1}^{n}c_{ij}^{l}X_{l}$ and using $(1)$ I show $d alpha_{l} = -sum_{i < j} c_{ij}^{l} alpha_{i} wedge alpha_{j} (3)$.



As $P$ is integrable, $c_{ij}^{h} equiv 0$ on $U$ if $i, j in <n-k+1, n>$ and $h in <1, n-k>(*)$. So using $(*)$$ d omega = sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' omega wedge sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} alpha_{i}$ where $epsilon_{l}' in {pm 1}(2)$. So in $(2)$, $d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i}$. Let's considering $f = e^{(-1)^{n-k} times (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} beta_{i})}$ which is smooth and positive on $U$. So $d(fomega) = (-1)^{n-k}f times ((sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i}) wedge omega - (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega) - f domega = (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega + f domega - f domega = (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega$



on $U$.



If I show $(sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega = 0$ on $U$ I'll won.



I try to differentiate the expression $(3)$ but it doesn't give me informations. If the $c_{lj}^{l}$ could be constant. But I don't have freedom to choose them in constant in my construction.



Do you have ideas?



Thanks for all the answers and merry Christmas again.










share|cite|improve this question









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  • $begingroup$
    I'll be honest and admit I didn't read everything you wrote. Do you know the equivalent criterion for integrability that $dalpha_iequiv 0pmod{langle alpha_jrangle}$? If so, that will tell you that $domega equiv 0pmod{langleomegarangle}$. Does that help?
    $endgroup$
    – Ted Shifrin
    Dec 25 '18 at 21:40


















1












$begingroup$


first merry Christmas to the team. Now let be $M$ a manifold of dimension $n in mathbb{N}$. Let be $alpha_{1}, alpha_{2}, ..., alpha_{n-k}$ $n-k$ $1$-forms linearly independent in each points of $M$. I suppose those forms are smooth. For all $x in M$, let be $P_{x} = bigcap_{i = 1}^{n-k}Ker(alpha_{i}(x))$ and $omega = alpha_{1} wedge alpha_{2} wedge ... wedge alpha_{n-k}$.
I shown $P$ is a subbundle of $TM$.



I would like to show that [for all $x in M$ it exists $f in C^{infty}(M)$ such that $f(x) neq 0$ and such that $d(fomega) = 0$ on neighbourhood of $x$] if I suppose $P$ is integrable.



Here is the reason I made :
Let be $x in M$. Let be $U$ a small neighbourhood of $x$ and $(a_{i})_{i in <n-k+1, n>}$ 1-differentials forms and $(X_{i})_{i in <1, n>}$ smooth vectorial fields construct the following way : lets complete $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n-k>}$ in a base $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n>}$ of $T^{*}_{x}M$. We can suppose $U$ small enough such that it's the domain of a map $phi$. For all $i in <n-k+1, n>$, $alpha_{i}(x) = sum_{j = 1}^{n}a_{j}^{i}d(phi_{j})(x)$. As the determinant is a continuous map we can suppose $U$ small enough such that $alpha_{i}(.) := dbeta_{i}(.)$(where $beta_{i}(.) = sum_{j = 1}^{n}a_{j}^{i}phi_{j}(.)$) is such that for all $y in U$, $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n>}$ is a base of $T_{y}^{*}M$. Now we can construct $(X_{i})_{i in <1, n>}$ smotth vectorial fields on $U$ such that $alpha_{i}(X_{j}) = delta_{ij}(1)$ on $U$.



Now, I wrote $[X_{i}, X_{j}] = sum_{l = 1}^{n}c_{ij}^{l}X_{l}$ and using $(1)$ I show $d alpha_{l} = -sum_{i < j} c_{ij}^{l} alpha_{i} wedge alpha_{j} (3)$.



As $P$ is integrable, $c_{ij}^{h} equiv 0$ on $U$ if $i, j in <n-k+1, n>$ and $h in <1, n-k>(*)$. So using $(*)$$ d omega = sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' omega wedge sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} alpha_{i}$ where $epsilon_{l}' in {pm 1}(2)$. So in $(2)$, $d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i}$. Let's considering $f = e^{(-1)^{n-k} times (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} beta_{i})}$ which is smooth and positive on $U$. So $d(fomega) = (-1)^{n-k}f times ((sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i}) wedge omega - (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega) - f domega = (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega + f domega - f domega = (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega$



on $U$.



If I show $(sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega = 0$ on $U$ I'll won.



I try to differentiate the expression $(3)$ but it doesn't give me informations. If the $c_{lj}^{l}$ could be constant. But I don't have freedom to choose them in constant in my construction.



Do you have ideas?



Thanks for all the answers and merry Christmas again.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$












  • $begingroup$
    I'll be honest and admit I didn't read everything you wrote. Do you know the equivalent criterion for integrability that $dalpha_iequiv 0pmod{langle alpha_jrangle}$? If so, that will tell you that $domega equiv 0pmod{langleomegarangle}$. Does that help?
    $endgroup$
    – Ted Shifrin
    Dec 25 '18 at 21:40
















1












1








1





$begingroup$


first merry Christmas to the team. Now let be $M$ a manifold of dimension $n in mathbb{N}$. Let be $alpha_{1}, alpha_{2}, ..., alpha_{n-k}$ $n-k$ $1$-forms linearly independent in each points of $M$. I suppose those forms are smooth. For all $x in M$, let be $P_{x} = bigcap_{i = 1}^{n-k}Ker(alpha_{i}(x))$ and $omega = alpha_{1} wedge alpha_{2} wedge ... wedge alpha_{n-k}$.
I shown $P$ is a subbundle of $TM$.



I would like to show that [for all $x in M$ it exists $f in C^{infty}(M)$ such that $f(x) neq 0$ and such that $d(fomega) = 0$ on neighbourhood of $x$] if I suppose $P$ is integrable.



Here is the reason I made :
Let be $x in M$. Let be $U$ a small neighbourhood of $x$ and $(a_{i})_{i in <n-k+1, n>}$ 1-differentials forms and $(X_{i})_{i in <1, n>}$ smooth vectorial fields construct the following way : lets complete $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n-k>}$ in a base $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n>}$ of $T^{*}_{x}M$. We can suppose $U$ small enough such that it's the domain of a map $phi$. For all $i in <n-k+1, n>$, $alpha_{i}(x) = sum_{j = 1}^{n}a_{j}^{i}d(phi_{j})(x)$. As the determinant is a continuous map we can suppose $U$ small enough such that $alpha_{i}(.) := dbeta_{i}(.)$(where $beta_{i}(.) = sum_{j = 1}^{n}a_{j}^{i}phi_{j}(.)$) is such that for all $y in U$, $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n>}$ is a base of $T_{y}^{*}M$. Now we can construct $(X_{i})_{i in <1, n>}$ smotth vectorial fields on $U$ such that $alpha_{i}(X_{j}) = delta_{ij}(1)$ on $U$.



Now, I wrote $[X_{i}, X_{j}] = sum_{l = 1}^{n}c_{ij}^{l}X_{l}$ and using $(1)$ I show $d alpha_{l} = -sum_{i < j} c_{ij}^{l} alpha_{i} wedge alpha_{j} (3)$.



As $P$ is integrable, $c_{ij}^{h} equiv 0$ on $U$ if $i, j in <n-k+1, n>$ and $h in <1, n-k>(*)$. So using $(*)$$ d omega = sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' omega wedge sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} alpha_{i}$ where $epsilon_{l}' in {pm 1}(2)$. So in $(2)$, $d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i}$. Let's considering $f = e^{(-1)^{n-k} times (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} beta_{i})}$ which is smooth and positive on $U$. So $d(fomega) = (-1)^{n-k}f times ((sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i}) wedge omega - (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega) - f domega = (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega + f domega - f domega = (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega$



on $U$.



If I show $(sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega = 0$ on $U$ I'll won.



I try to differentiate the expression $(3)$ but it doesn't give me informations. If the $c_{lj}^{l}$ could be constant. But I don't have freedom to choose them in constant in my construction.



Do you have ideas?



Thanks for all the answers and merry Christmas again.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$




first merry Christmas to the team. Now let be $M$ a manifold of dimension $n in mathbb{N}$. Let be $alpha_{1}, alpha_{2}, ..., alpha_{n-k}$ $n-k$ $1$-forms linearly independent in each points of $M$. I suppose those forms are smooth. For all $x in M$, let be $P_{x} = bigcap_{i = 1}^{n-k}Ker(alpha_{i}(x))$ and $omega = alpha_{1} wedge alpha_{2} wedge ... wedge alpha_{n-k}$.
I shown $P$ is a subbundle of $TM$.



I would like to show that [for all $x in M$ it exists $f in C^{infty}(M)$ such that $f(x) neq 0$ and such that $d(fomega) = 0$ on neighbourhood of $x$] if I suppose $P$ is integrable.



Here is the reason I made :
Let be $x in M$. Let be $U$ a small neighbourhood of $x$ and $(a_{i})_{i in <n-k+1, n>}$ 1-differentials forms and $(X_{i})_{i in <1, n>}$ smooth vectorial fields construct the following way : lets complete $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n-k>}$ in a base $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n>}$ of $T^{*}_{x}M$. We can suppose $U$ small enough such that it's the domain of a map $phi$. For all $i in <n-k+1, n>$, $alpha_{i}(x) = sum_{j = 1}^{n}a_{j}^{i}d(phi_{j})(x)$. As the determinant is a continuous map we can suppose $U$ small enough such that $alpha_{i}(.) := dbeta_{i}(.)$(where $beta_{i}(.) = sum_{j = 1}^{n}a_{j}^{i}phi_{j}(.)$) is such that for all $y in U$, $(alpha_{i}(x))_{i in <1, n>}$ is a base of $T_{y}^{*}M$. Now we can construct $(X_{i})_{i in <1, n>}$ smotth vectorial fields on $U$ such that $alpha_{i}(X_{j}) = delta_{ij}(1)$ on $U$.



Now, I wrote $[X_{i}, X_{j}] = sum_{l = 1}^{n}c_{ij}^{l}X_{l}$ and using $(1)$ I show $d alpha_{l} = -sum_{i < j} c_{ij}^{l} alpha_{i} wedge alpha_{j} (3)$.



As $P$ is integrable, $c_{ij}^{h} equiv 0$ on $U$ if $i, j in <n-k+1, n>$ and $h in <1, n-k>(*)$. So using $(*)$$ d omega = sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' omega wedge sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} alpha_{i}$ where $epsilon_{l}' in {pm 1}(2)$. So in $(2)$, $d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i}$. Let's considering $f = e^{(-1)^{n-k} times (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} beta_{i})}$ which is smooth and positive on $U$. So $d(fomega) = (-1)^{n-k}f times ((sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i}) wedge omega - (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega) - f domega = (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega + f domega - f domega = (sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega$



on $U$.



If I show $(sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}dc_{il}^{l} beta_{i} ) wedge omega = 0$ on $U$ I'll won.



I try to differentiate the expression $(3)$ but it doesn't give me informations. If the $c_{lj}^{l}$ could be constant. But I don't have freedom to choose them in constant in my construction.



Do you have ideas?



Thanks for all the answers and merry Christmas again.







differential-forms differential






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asked Dec 25 '18 at 16:08









Jean lucJean luc

61




61












  • $begingroup$
    I'll be honest and admit I didn't read everything you wrote. Do you know the equivalent criterion for integrability that $dalpha_iequiv 0pmod{langle alpha_jrangle}$? If so, that will tell you that $domega equiv 0pmod{langleomegarangle}$. Does that help?
    $endgroup$
    – Ted Shifrin
    Dec 25 '18 at 21:40




















  • $begingroup$
    I'll be honest and admit I didn't read everything you wrote. Do you know the equivalent criterion for integrability that $dalpha_iequiv 0pmod{langle alpha_jrangle}$? If so, that will tell you that $domega equiv 0pmod{langleomegarangle}$. Does that help?
    $endgroup$
    – Ted Shifrin
    Dec 25 '18 at 21:40


















$begingroup$
I'll be honest and admit I didn't read everything you wrote. Do you know the equivalent criterion for integrability that $dalpha_iequiv 0pmod{langle alpha_jrangle}$? If so, that will tell you that $domega equiv 0pmod{langleomegarangle}$. Does that help?
$endgroup$
– Ted Shifrin
Dec 25 '18 at 21:40






$begingroup$
I'll be honest and admit I didn't read everything you wrote. Do you know the equivalent criterion for integrability that $dalpha_iequiv 0pmod{langle alpha_jrangle}$? If so, that will tell you that $domega equiv 0pmod{langleomegarangle}$. Does that help?
$endgroup$
– Ted Shifrin
Dec 25 '18 at 21:40












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$begingroup$

thank you for your answer. The criterion you gave to me is the Froebenius theorem I use to get (2).



And at the end I get $d omega = 0 mod (<omega>)$ : more precisely I get $ d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i} $ but then I can't conclude at the end.



If the $c_{il}^{l}$ where constants on $U$ I could conclude with the function $f$ I wrote.



Perhaps you have got an another idea?



I wish you a good day.






share|cite|improve this answer









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    $begingroup$

    thank you for your answer. The criterion you gave to me is the Froebenius theorem I use to get (2).



    And at the end I get $d omega = 0 mod (<omega>)$ : more precisely I get $ d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i} $ but then I can't conclude at the end.



    If the $c_{il}^{l}$ where constants on $U$ I could conclude with the function $f$ I wrote.



    Perhaps you have got an another idea?



    I wish you a good day.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$


















      0












      $begingroup$

      thank you for your answer. The criterion you gave to me is the Froebenius theorem I use to get (2).



      And at the end I get $d omega = 0 mod (<omega>)$ : more precisely I get $ d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i} $ but then I can't conclude at the end.



      If the $c_{il}^{l}$ where constants on $U$ I could conclude with the function $f$ I wrote.



      Perhaps you have got an another idea?



      I wish you a good day.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$
















        0












        0








        0





        $begingroup$

        thank you for your answer. The criterion you gave to me is the Froebenius theorem I use to get (2).



        And at the end I get $d omega = 0 mod (<omega>)$ : more precisely I get $ d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i} $ but then I can't conclude at the end.



        If the $c_{il}^{l}$ where constants on $U$ I could conclude with the function $f$ I wrote.



        Perhaps you have got an another idea?



        I wish you a good day.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        thank you for your answer. The criterion you gave to me is the Froebenius theorem I use to get (2).



        And at the end I get $d omega = 0 mod (<omega>)$ : more precisely I get $ d omega = omega wedge sum_{l = 1}^{n-k}epsilon_{l}' sum_{i in <n-k +1, n>}c_{il}^{l} dbeta_{i} $ but then I can't conclude at the end.



        If the $c_{il}^{l}$ where constants on $U$ I could conclude with the function $f$ I wrote.



        Perhaps you have got an another idea?



        I wish you a good day.







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Dec 26 '18 at 15:45









        Jean lucJean luc

        61




        61






























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