How long would it take to nuke an alien spaceship in orbit?
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Some gigantic, and presumably evil, alien spaceship has taken up residence in LEO. This spacecraft is ominously blocking all satellite communications, and launching smaller flying saucers towards the surface for assuredly nefarious purposes. The object is a few km in diameter, irregularly shaped, and due to its advanced technology we cannot precisely estimate its mass.
Based on my having seen movies, the expected response from humanity is to nuke the spaceship. But, nuclear weapons, though powerful enough to reach space, are not designed to accurately target objects in space. Instead, they are designed to accurately target points upon re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.
If it was an extinction-level emergency, how fast could missiles be fitted with guidance systems and a warhead that would allow them a reasonably accurate chance to hit an orbiting alien spacecraft?
technology weapons aliens spaceships nuclear-weapons
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up vote
22
down vote
favorite
Some gigantic, and presumably evil, alien spaceship has taken up residence in LEO. This spacecraft is ominously blocking all satellite communications, and launching smaller flying saucers towards the surface for assuredly nefarious purposes. The object is a few km in diameter, irregularly shaped, and due to its advanced technology we cannot precisely estimate its mass.
Based on my having seen movies, the expected response from humanity is to nuke the spaceship. But, nuclear weapons, though powerful enough to reach space, are not designed to accurately target objects in space. Instead, they are designed to accurately target points upon re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.
If it was an extinction-level emergency, how fast could missiles be fitted with guidance systems and a warhead that would allow them a reasonably accurate chance to hit an orbiting alien spacecraft?
technology weapons aliens spaceships nuclear-weapons
2
Retrofit a SAM with a nuclear warhead? Or a satellite launching rocket? You wouldn't bother retrofitting an ICBM, just take the warhead off
– nzaman
Nov 21 at 13:07
9
Anyone who can actually answer this... see you at your court-martial.
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:24
5
Just consider the consequences for Earth if an object of unknown, but huge for sure mass, having a few km diameter, radioactively contaminated after being nuked enters Earth's atmosphere once torn apart into just a bit smaller pieces. You can probably use those nukes at yourself and get pretty much the same results for Earthlings... In case you haven't seen it, check Chelyabinsk and Tunguska meteors as a reference what much smaller objects can cause. Also dinosaurs didn't die for nothing and we should learn from it.
– Ister
Nov 22 at 9:46
3
@nzaman Good luck getting a SAM into orbit.
– Ian Kemp
Nov 22 at 10:12
4
@Ister If it's torn into little pieces I would safely bet nearly none of them would ever hit the soil. Even if it fell in a single piece its mass and speed are negligible: it's in orbit, so you can count it will fell at less than 7 km/s at start. Being irregularly shaped, probably blunt, I doubt it would retain more than 10% of that speed on impact, and a spaceship is mostly hollow, so its density must be way lower than that of water. Unless you are just below the ship when it touches ground, you're safe, and unless the ship is made out of cobalt, radioactivity is not an issue.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:13
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show 9 more comments
up vote
22
down vote
favorite
up vote
22
down vote
favorite
Some gigantic, and presumably evil, alien spaceship has taken up residence in LEO. This spacecraft is ominously blocking all satellite communications, and launching smaller flying saucers towards the surface for assuredly nefarious purposes. The object is a few km in diameter, irregularly shaped, and due to its advanced technology we cannot precisely estimate its mass.
Based on my having seen movies, the expected response from humanity is to nuke the spaceship. But, nuclear weapons, though powerful enough to reach space, are not designed to accurately target objects in space. Instead, they are designed to accurately target points upon re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.
If it was an extinction-level emergency, how fast could missiles be fitted with guidance systems and a warhead that would allow them a reasonably accurate chance to hit an orbiting alien spacecraft?
technology weapons aliens spaceships nuclear-weapons
Some gigantic, and presumably evil, alien spaceship has taken up residence in LEO. This spacecraft is ominously blocking all satellite communications, and launching smaller flying saucers towards the surface for assuredly nefarious purposes. The object is a few km in diameter, irregularly shaped, and due to its advanced technology we cannot precisely estimate its mass.
Based on my having seen movies, the expected response from humanity is to nuke the spaceship. But, nuclear weapons, though powerful enough to reach space, are not designed to accurately target objects in space. Instead, they are designed to accurately target points upon re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.
If it was an extinction-level emergency, how fast could missiles be fitted with guidance systems and a warhead that would allow them a reasonably accurate chance to hit an orbiting alien spacecraft?
technology weapons aliens spaceships nuclear-weapons
technology weapons aliens spaceships nuclear-weapons
edited Nov 21 at 13:16
asked Nov 21 at 13:03
kingledion
72.5k26244428
72.5k26244428
2
Retrofit a SAM with a nuclear warhead? Or a satellite launching rocket? You wouldn't bother retrofitting an ICBM, just take the warhead off
– nzaman
Nov 21 at 13:07
9
Anyone who can actually answer this... see you at your court-martial.
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:24
5
Just consider the consequences for Earth if an object of unknown, but huge for sure mass, having a few km diameter, radioactively contaminated after being nuked enters Earth's atmosphere once torn apart into just a bit smaller pieces. You can probably use those nukes at yourself and get pretty much the same results for Earthlings... In case you haven't seen it, check Chelyabinsk and Tunguska meteors as a reference what much smaller objects can cause. Also dinosaurs didn't die for nothing and we should learn from it.
– Ister
Nov 22 at 9:46
3
@nzaman Good luck getting a SAM into orbit.
– Ian Kemp
Nov 22 at 10:12
4
@Ister If it's torn into little pieces I would safely bet nearly none of them would ever hit the soil. Even if it fell in a single piece its mass and speed are negligible: it's in orbit, so you can count it will fell at less than 7 km/s at start. Being irregularly shaped, probably blunt, I doubt it would retain more than 10% of that speed on impact, and a spaceship is mostly hollow, so its density must be way lower than that of water. Unless you are just below the ship when it touches ground, you're safe, and unless the ship is made out of cobalt, radioactivity is not an issue.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:13
|
show 9 more comments
2
Retrofit a SAM with a nuclear warhead? Or a satellite launching rocket? You wouldn't bother retrofitting an ICBM, just take the warhead off
– nzaman
Nov 21 at 13:07
9
Anyone who can actually answer this... see you at your court-martial.
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:24
5
Just consider the consequences for Earth if an object of unknown, but huge for sure mass, having a few km diameter, radioactively contaminated after being nuked enters Earth's atmosphere once torn apart into just a bit smaller pieces. You can probably use those nukes at yourself and get pretty much the same results for Earthlings... In case you haven't seen it, check Chelyabinsk and Tunguska meteors as a reference what much smaller objects can cause. Also dinosaurs didn't die for nothing and we should learn from it.
– Ister
Nov 22 at 9:46
3
@nzaman Good luck getting a SAM into orbit.
– Ian Kemp
Nov 22 at 10:12
4
@Ister If it's torn into little pieces I would safely bet nearly none of them would ever hit the soil. Even if it fell in a single piece its mass and speed are negligible: it's in orbit, so you can count it will fell at less than 7 km/s at start. Being irregularly shaped, probably blunt, I doubt it would retain more than 10% of that speed on impact, and a spaceship is mostly hollow, so its density must be way lower than that of water. Unless you are just below the ship when it touches ground, you're safe, and unless the ship is made out of cobalt, radioactivity is not an issue.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:13
2
2
Retrofit a SAM with a nuclear warhead? Or a satellite launching rocket? You wouldn't bother retrofitting an ICBM, just take the warhead off
– nzaman
Nov 21 at 13:07
Retrofit a SAM with a nuclear warhead? Or a satellite launching rocket? You wouldn't bother retrofitting an ICBM, just take the warhead off
– nzaman
Nov 21 at 13:07
9
9
Anyone who can actually answer this... see you at your court-martial.
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:24
Anyone who can actually answer this... see you at your court-martial.
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:24
5
5
Just consider the consequences for Earth if an object of unknown, but huge for sure mass, having a few km diameter, radioactively contaminated after being nuked enters Earth's atmosphere once torn apart into just a bit smaller pieces. You can probably use those nukes at yourself and get pretty much the same results for Earthlings... In case you haven't seen it, check Chelyabinsk and Tunguska meteors as a reference what much smaller objects can cause. Also dinosaurs didn't die for nothing and we should learn from it.
– Ister
Nov 22 at 9:46
Just consider the consequences for Earth if an object of unknown, but huge for sure mass, having a few km diameter, radioactively contaminated after being nuked enters Earth's atmosphere once torn apart into just a bit smaller pieces. You can probably use those nukes at yourself and get pretty much the same results for Earthlings... In case you haven't seen it, check Chelyabinsk and Tunguska meteors as a reference what much smaller objects can cause. Also dinosaurs didn't die for nothing and we should learn from it.
– Ister
Nov 22 at 9:46
3
3
@nzaman Good luck getting a SAM into orbit.
– Ian Kemp
Nov 22 at 10:12
@nzaman Good luck getting a SAM into orbit.
– Ian Kemp
Nov 22 at 10:12
4
4
@Ister If it's torn into little pieces I would safely bet nearly none of them would ever hit the soil. Even if it fell in a single piece its mass and speed are negligible: it's in orbit, so you can count it will fell at less than 7 km/s at start. Being irregularly shaped, probably blunt, I doubt it would retain more than 10% of that speed on impact, and a spaceship is mostly hollow, so its density must be way lower than that of water. Unless you are just below the ship when it touches ground, you're safe, and unless the ship is made out of cobalt, radioactivity is not an issue.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:13
@Ister If it's torn into little pieces I would safely bet nearly none of them would ever hit the soil. Even if it fell in a single piece its mass and speed are negligible: it's in orbit, so you can count it will fell at less than 7 km/s at start. Being irregularly shaped, probably blunt, I doubt it would retain more than 10% of that speed on impact, and a spaceship is mostly hollow, so its density must be way lower than that of water. Unless you are just below the ship when it touches ground, you're safe, and unless the ship is made out of cobalt, radioactivity is not an issue.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:13
|
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11 Answers
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Retarget an ICBM
ICBMs achieve an altitude of 150 to 400 km (93 to 249 mi) in the initial boost phase. Apogee is 1,200 km (750 mi). While this is far short of the 35,786 km (22,236 mi) of geostationary orbit. This is plenty of altitude to hit any large orbiting non-maneuvering alien spaceship. Given that ICBM launches generally need to traverse the Earth's surface, thus spending delta-v to go sideways, it may be possible to gain some additional altitude if surface traversal can be minimized.
No new hardware will need to be developed, just changes to the targets and launch profiles.
ICBMs are designed to hit a specific target on Earth's surface. Let us assume that they cannot be setup to hit a target in orbit. With this limitation in mind, mission planners can setup a custom launch profile that targets a specific geographic location with a launch path that intersects the path of the alien spaceship.
ICBM Mission Profile
Surface Target: Middle of Pacific Ocean. Should the alien ship maneuver out of the way, the warhead(s) should detonate in a location that won't hurt anyone.
Launch Timing: If the alien spaceship has maintained a stable orbit then timing an interception should be fairly straight forward.
Guidance System Configuration: The sub launched Trident missile are fitted with Multiple Reentry Vehicles. While international treaties prevent these warheads from being actively guided, a warhead launcher can be configured to dispense warheads with gentle nudges along the flight path to hit geographically dispersed targets. Depending on the size of the alien ship, warheads from a single missile could be used to hit multiple points.
My guess is that highly motivated mission planners could have a mission profile programmed and uploaded to the appropriate launch platforms in a few days. There's no new hardware to develop, just reconfiguration of existing hardware.
3
Really tempted to downvote. " timing an interception should be fairly straight forward". Nope. Not hardly. Boost accelerations are not uniform, nor are they precisely calculated. Any ICBM depends on mid-course correction after burnout of the main booster. Worse, ICBM warheads use timers for detonation, and for the specified scenario the timing constraints are much too tight. In space the warhead must get very close indeed, but if it makes contact with the target it will be destroyed and will not detonate.
– WhatRoughBeast
Nov 22 at 3:38
1
Boosting directly upwards to geostationary orbit costs more energy than going sideways, as you don't fight gravity that way
– Ferrybig
Nov 22 at 10:11
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@WhatRoughBeast nothing is uniform. ICBMs require mid-course corrections because they need to achieve accuracy still after the ballistic coast- and re-entry. That would require insane precision of the launch, without correction. But that doesn't mean the launch does not already have pretty decent precision. I reckon the precision is actually pretty good, because the more Δv you need to spend on corrections, the less payload you'll be able to carry, so they certainly have optimised this. And, replacing the timer-detonators with something distance-tracking really wouldn't be hard.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:45
1
@NonnyMoose hence the mission profile that aims for an area that doesn't matter if it gets hit. The middle of the Pacific is a big place where no one cares.
– Green
Nov 22 at 21:01
1
@SSight3 abort codes are a hollywood myth. No take-backsies on nuclear war unfortunately, once an ICBM leaves that silo, its time to head to the fallout shelters.
– mbrig
Nov 23 at 21:26
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Don't use an ICBM. Use an ASAT with a nuke as payload. These things have existed for decades.
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. Several nations possess operational ASAT systems, with others in development or design. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilised in warfare, several nations have shot down their own (defunct) satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force.
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@JoeBloggs The real question is whether any of them produce enough thrust to carry a warhead that's big enough to do some damage. Some ASAT missiles don't even have explosive warheads; they're kinetic kill weapons.
– Ray
Nov 21 at 19:29
2
@Ray I guess it takes a lot more to kill an alien spaceship than something that has to be put together in a clean room in case of grit...
– Joe Bloggs
Nov 21 at 21:08
3
An ASAT has the guidance ability, but it would be a gnat against a kilometers wide spacecraft.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:26
5
A SAT impacting against a spacehisp on a retrograde orbit to that of the spaceship it's going to have the same power as a powerful nuke without need for explosives. Just the kinetic energy of two objects at orbital speed and opposite directions of rotation is enough.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:19
2
@Saiboogu - not if it finds the thermal exhaust port...
– Spratty
Nov 23 at 13:29
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ICBM is a bad pick. It can't track or be guided from the ground. You don't expect an enemy city to start running. I doubt, an alien ship will stand in place and wait for minutes for us to hit it. They would need to adjust the guidance system and give it ability to track targets.
How fast they can do that? Military will not tell me. It will be days, weeks even.
ASAT & ABM can be used to deliver a nuke and have more guidance and precision for sure. Can they take it out? How durable is that ship? Can they chase that ship?
Carrier rockets Use all we have, loaded with nukes. Will aliens allow you to set them up for a launch?
EMP Will that work alone? I would think, an alien ship would have a lot of protection from that. At least we can try.
For better chances, I would make a "net" of missiles from all sides, with a good amount of decoys with no payload.
How fast? That would depend on our desperation and how hard that ship is to hit. Parts of defense can be used in minutes/hours. Same for some of ICBMs, if the ship will not evade them. Maybe, we have a Falcon 9 or a Soyuz ready on a pad. How fast you can load them with nukes and work out how to blow them up?
Aside from poor grammar, this is actually a decent answer.
– Adrian Zhang
Nov 21 at 20:56
1
By the way: Many carrier rockets used by space programs are actually based on ICBM designs. The Soyuz and Progress are derived from the R-7 Semyorka. The Proton-family were initially developed as a super-heavy ICBM (but never used as such). The Gemini program of NASA was also using a repurposed ICBM design (the Titan II)
– Philipp
Nov 22 at 16:26
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If you detonate a nuke in the emptiness of LEO you won't rely on the shock wave to deliver damage, but mostly on the EMP.
The test executed with Starfish Prime showed that the damage can happen at considerable distance, both in space and time.
The Starfish Prime electromagnetic pulse also made those effects known to the public by causing electrical damage in Hawaii, about 1,445 kilometres (898 mi) away from the detonation point. [...] The weaponeers became quite worried when three satellites in low Earth orbit were disabled.[...] In the months that followed these man-made radiation belts eventually caused six or more satellites to fail.
Therefore I would dare to say that you won't need cm accuracy. Take any rocket which can deliver the weight of a nuclear warhead to LEO (130 kg for a W80) and make sure it detonates. For comparison, a Falcon 9 has a payload of about 10000 kg, and I am pretty sure the most time would be needed to transport all the warheads to the launch facilities.
For good security I would also add some shrapnel like device to saturate LEO with physical debris, so that you can damage as much as possible of the released flying saucer.
16
Not sure it's reasonable to go for a radiation/EMP kill against a vehicle capable of interstellar flight. Odds are good they're hardened against a lot.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:27
6
@Saiboogu Yeah, I'm pretty sure I saw a documentary once about the U.S. President that tried to nuke such a vehicle. If I recall, it didn't even scratch it...
– Michael
Nov 22 at 2:37
1
Plus it would likely knock out our power as a side effect, so if it doesn't work, now we're facing a UFO in the dark.
– Anthony
Nov 22 at 6:34
3
A nuke in vacuum does not cause much of an EMP. That's mostly an atmospheric effect, it works best in the ionosphere. If you rely on that, you'd need to detonate the nuke way lower than LEO, meaning you wouldn't get closer than a couple hundred kilometres.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:32
2
@Saiboogu Given that spaceships must be airtight I suppose they are excellent Faraday cages (+1).
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:22
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It's all software.
At their apogee, missiles don't have any thrusters, they can't turn. Adding maneuvering thrusters to a MIRV would be infeasible to do quickly, since you are essentially designing a new spacecraft.
That means you won't be making any significant hardware changes to the missile and warheads. You can get-r-done in software, except for fuzing, but bombs having multiple interchangeable fuzes (detonators) is almost as old as bombs.
The whole rest of this answer is about fuzing,
Mostly nukes are fuzed for altitude, though impact fuses are an existing (though fairly evil) option. You won't get the chance to develop a RADAR style proximity detonator for a MIRV. They don't already have them, and up til now there'd never been a use for one, unless they happened to use a RADAR altimeter you could hack for the purpose. (I am not an expt on nuke fuzing methods, nor should I be.) Anyway you'l need a ton of them, so it needs to be something you can quickly implement.
Swarming
A starship will be just like any other point defense: its point defenses will have limits. If you heard the phrase "Interceptors are running hot" on Babylon 5, that is a warning that the enemy fire is coming faster than the interceptors can defeat it, and the ship will start taking hits.
Stalin said, "quantity has a quality all its own": a Soviet hallmark, not to mention an American one in WWII on both fronts. So it is right out of the playbook of both large nuclear powers: this swarm philosophy is why they are large.
Presumably an advanced translight enemy has heard of both A-bombs and orbital missiles. It can shoot down our missiles all day. You're betting the planet that they can't shoot down 500 in 5 seconds. All this to say, this "time on target" approach will require an awful lot of fuzes.
Another reason for a swarm is to shotgun, much like the Hedgehog in WWII, so maneuvering is not effective.
The bigger problem is the ones that miss
Ok, so you got him. Unfortunately, the ship's bits pelted the west Atlantic. That's not the unfortunate part. It's that his position when hit was over the ocean west of France. That's not it either, the unfortunate part is that 460 missed shots launched from the Dakotas pelted the Holy Lands ranging from the Dead Sea to Pakistan, including wild shots that landed in Macedonia (both), the Donbass, and an Ulster's farm field. No harm done, they were fuzed to not detonate if they missed the ship.
Oh wait. Have you read Tom Clancy's The Sum Of All Fears?
At this point, you might as well take a shovel to every major city. Because it's no longer a question of "if", but "when". Thanks, aliens.
So you see where fuzing is a big deal, and there really aren't any good answers.
- Detonating near the ground is out of the question, obviously.
- If you fuze to detonate them in space or high atmosphere, you get massive EMP that does damage to satellites and on the ground both. France would be knocked back to the stone age in a flash.
- I can't see a technical way to get the MIRVs to sabotage themselves as reentry vehicles, e.g. Deliberately enter facing backwards and burn up in atmo, not that a huge injection of plutonium into the sky would be particularly awesome either.
- Really your best bet out of a lot of unpleasant choices is to let them land with a thud, and take your chances with finding them all before another of Clancy's books turns real.
The whole rest of this answer is about [fusing] - just like the second half of WWII ;)
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:18
3
Folks, the word is fuze. Different word from fuse which is either the burning string that never works for Wylie E. Coyote, or an electrical protective device for one-time use.
– Harper
Nov 22 at 22:08
Why is no-one still considering the fact that abort codes exist precisely to destroy a missile that either misses or misfires to prevent it from killing people? If it misses, you activate it's abort code and move on (you'd need a hell of a lot of operators for all the missiles assuming each one has a unique code though).
– SSight3
Nov 23 at 11:46
@SSight3 -- the problem isn't explosions, it's nuclear UXO, and abort codes do zilch for that
– Shalvenay
Nov 23 at 15:24
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There have been a lot of good answers so far, but I will suggest two different possibilities.
Firstly, using nuclear weapons is actually inefficient in space. The explosion is a spherical emission of hard x rays, but with no atmosphere to convert the energy into a shockwave, the energy dissipates according to the square cube law.
Energy dissipating according to the inverse square law
What is needed is a way to focus the energy of a nuclear weapon to power a device or illuminate a target. During the 1950's the ORION nuclear pulse drive did just that, and a refinement known as the CASABA Howitzer theoretically took this even farther. You can read about this here, and taking this to the next level with HEAT type warheads powered by nuclear energy here.
So using a booster to bring a manoeuvrable bus into space to fire directed energy "bolts" or streams of liquid metal moving at about .03 c is likely to get their attention.
Orion Pulse drive units are a good way to visualize what a CASABA howitzer or nuclear HEAT round would look like
Of course this is dependent on being able to launch a booster into orbit and having the bus get close enough to release its payload. Most aliens have seen "Independence Day" on SBO (Space Box Office), so are unlikely to fall for that.
However, if we consider nuclear devices to be compact energy sources, then another approach comes to mind. During an underground nuclear test in the "Plumb Bob" series, one of the massive caps covering the shaft where the underground explosion took place was actually "popped off" by the explosion below. While only a single film frame shows the cap leaving its position, calculations suggested the cap was moving at about 5X Earth's escape velocity. In all likelyhood the cap was vapourized by the intense air friction (it was never found), but a suitably designed "cap" could be launched into space.
Imagine a "silo farm" with physics packages placed at the bottom of each one. The silos are filled with water and a specially designed cap placed on the top of each silo. The detonation of the device turns the water into plasma, coupling the energy of the device more efficiently to the cap, which is shot into space at @ 10X orbital escape velocity. Assuming the silos are placed under the projected orbital path of the spaceship, it will be pelted with objects moving at 78 km/sec. Some of the caps may weigh many tons, and even if they shatter in flight, the effect is a hail of shotgun pellets weighing between grams and multiple hundreds of kilograms. Good luck shielding against that.
And now the reason for all these silos becomes clear....
The knowledge exists, the real question is how much time would it take to convert existing nuclear warheads into the driving packages for either HEAT type warheads or to launch nuclear shotgun rounds at orbiting spacecraft? For that I really have no answer.
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Retarget an ICBM. This might require a redesign of the Permissive Action Links, and ICBMs are not designed to reach orbit. They do reach orbital altitude, however.- As suggested by Renan, use an existing ASAT. This could be tricky if the ASAT system was designed for kinetic kills, because adding the weight of a nuke would greatly affect performance.
There is an off chance that some country still has a nuclear ASAT in storage. - Put a nuclear demolition charge on top of a satellite launch system or resupply capsule. Craft like the ATV or Dragon are designed to dock with a station, surely they can ram an UFO.
For all of these options, you have to discriminate between "emergency operational capability" and a mature, reliable system. I will go out on a limb and say that IF the US, Russia, or China go into panic mode, they can launch something within a couple of weeks, possibly even within days. That would require a deliberate decision to ignore safety margins and simply go ahead. A 25% chance that the bird will explode on the pad and a 25% chance that it will explode in flight will still leave an over 50% chance to make it into orbit. France, Israel, or India would need a few weeks more. Not sure about the UK.
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ICBMs have been used in the past to launch satellites, so they should be able to put a warhead in orbit as well. Of course safety mechanisms and detonation trigger would have to change a little, but that shouldn't take a long time.
If the enemy ship is orbiting its path is fairly predictable and a sophisticated SAM-style guidance would not be necessary. If the enemy ship can maneuver, the best bet would be un-mothball nuclear ABMs from 1980s (like A-350/ABM-1 Galosh for example), they were already designed to intercept moving targets and were equipped with fairly large nuclear warheads. If they don't have the range the engine can probably be extended or replaced.
As for how long it would take, with such systems normally the testing takes by far the longest time, if you forgo that and just hope for the best you can probably whip something up within weeks, or even days if it's just using stock ICBMs with modified trigger
Fortunately you've got a nice big target up there you can test with. Assuming they'll sit idly by and let you.
– Harper
Nov 21 at 19:55
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Less than an hour.
ICBMs can be retargeted in a few minutes. Possibly even faster these days. The mission profile for a LEO burst most likely exists, because that's what it takes to use nukes as strategic EMP weapons.
The typical orbit insertion accuracy in a LEO mission seems to be a few kilometres these days. Based on that, a single missile would most likely miss, but there would be a good chance to hit the target with multiple launches.
The other options people have mentioned are not so good:
- Using orbital launch vehicles or missiles not designed to carry nuclear warheads would probably take weeks. New physical interfaces would have to be developed and new software would have to be written.
- ASAT missiles and other kinetic impactors would not do it. The maximum relative speed of a LEO impact is around 16 km/s. At that speed, the kinetic energy is 128 MJ/kg, or about 30 times the energy density of TNT. You would need a 30-ton impactor for the energy equivalent of a small 1-kiloton nuclear explosion.
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1
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No new technology is needed.
Just run a resupply mission for the international space station, with remote detonation nukes as cargo.
Instead of going to the ISS, go to the alien spacecraft.
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0
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You don't really want a nuke unless you want to use EMP effects on that spaceship.
Nuking the ship is difficult, as nukes cannot be properly set off while colliding with the ship, and every bit of distance redirects more of the blast energy to the empty space.
Yet, having as much mass as possible travelling as fast as possible relative to the target will deliver a lot of concentrated energy to the target without the need for a warhead.
20-ton rocket upper stage colliding with the spaceship at 15000 m/s on opposite direction orbit will deliver about half-kiloton of energy, all concentrated in the point of impact. This has a very high probability to demolish a thing as fragile as a spacecraft.
So what we should do is launch every vehicle able to reach target orbit and try to score a hit on it. This includes nukes, but we might want to replace their warheads with inert mass penetrators beforehand.
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11 Answers
11
active
oldest
votes
11 Answers
11
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
Retarget an ICBM
ICBMs achieve an altitude of 150 to 400 km (93 to 249 mi) in the initial boost phase. Apogee is 1,200 km (750 mi). While this is far short of the 35,786 km (22,236 mi) of geostationary orbit. This is plenty of altitude to hit any large orbiting non-maneuvering alien spaceship. Given that ICBM launches generally need to traverse the Earth's surface, thus spending delta-v to go sideways, it may be possible to gain some additional altitude if surface traversal can be minimized.
No new hardware will need to be developed, just changes to the targets and launch profiles.
ICBMs are designed to hit a specific target on Earth's surface. Let us assume that they cannot be setup to hit a target in orbit. With this limitation in mind, mission planners can setup a custom launch profile that targets a specific geographic location with a launch path that intersects the path of the alien spaceship.
ICBM Mission Profile
Surface Target: Middle of Pacific Ocean. Should the alien ship maneuver out of the way, the warhead(s) should detonate in a location that won't hurt anyone.
Launch Timing: If the alien spaceship has maintained a stable orbit then timing an interception should be fairly straight forward.
Guidance System Configuration: The sub launched Trident missile are fitted with Multiple Reentry Vehicles. While international treaties prevent these warheads from being actively guided, a warhead launcher can be configured to dispense warheads with gentle nudges along the flight path to hit geographically dispersed targets. Depending on the size of the alien ship, warheads from a single missile could be used to hit multiple points.
My guess is that highly motivated mission planners could have a mission profile programmed and uploaded to the appropriate launch platforms in a few days. There's no new hardware to develop, just reconfiguration of existing hardware.
3
Really tempted to downvote. " timing an interception should be fairly straight forward". Nope. Not hardly. Boost accelerations are not uniform, nor are they precisely calculated. Any ICBM depends on mid-course correction after burnout of the main booster. Worse, ICBM warheads use timers for detonation, and for the specified scenario the timing constraints are much too tight. In space the warhead must get very close indeed, but if it makes contact with the target it will be destroyed and will not detonate.
– WhatRoughBeast
Nov 22 at 3:38
1
Boosting directly upwards to geostationary orbit costs more energy than going sideways, as you don't fight gravity that way
– Ferrybig
Nov 22 at 10:11
1
@WhatRoughBeast nothing is uniform. ICBMs require mid-course corrections because they need to achieve accuracy still after the ballistic coast- and re-entry. That would require insane precision of the launch, without correction. But that doesn't mean the launch does not already have pretty decent precision. I reckon the precision is actually pretty good, because the more Δv you need to spend on corrections, the less payload you'll be able to carry, so they certainly have optimised this. And, replacing the timer-detonators with something distance-tracking really wouldn't be hard.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:45
1
@NonnyMoose hence the mission profile that aims for an area that doesn't matter if it gets hit. The middle of the Pacific is a big place where no one cares.
– Green
Nov 22 at 21:01
1
@SSight3 abort codes are a hollywood myth. No take-backsies on nuclear war unfortunately, once an ICBM leaves that silo, its time to head to the fallout shelters.
– mbrig
Nov 23 at 21:26
|
show 4 more comments
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
Retarget an ICBM
ICBMs achieve an altitude of 150 to 400 km (93 to 249 mi) in the initial boost phase. Apogee is 1,200 km (750 mi). While this is far short of the 35,786 km (22,236 mi) of geostationary orbit. This is plenty of altitude to hit any large orbiting non-maneuvering alien spaceship. Given that ICBM launches generally need to traverse the Earth's surface, thus spending delta-v to go sideways, it may be possible to gain some additional altitude if surface traversal can be minimized.
No new hardware will need to be developed, just changes to the targets and launch profiles.
ICBMs are designed to hit a specific target on Earth's surface. Let us assume that they cannot be setup to hit a target in orbit. With this limitation in mind, mission planners can setup a custom launch profile that targets a specific geographic location with a launch path that intersects the path of the alien spaceship.
ICBM Mission Profile
Surface Target: Middle of Pacific Ocean. Should the alien ship maneuver out of the way, the warhead(s) should detonate in a location that won't hurt anyone.
Launch Timing: If the alien spaceship has maintained a stable orbit then timing an interception should be fairly straight forward.
Guidance System Configuration: The sub launched Trident missile are fitted with Multiple Reentry Vehicles. While international treaties prevent these warheads from being actively guided, a warhead launcher can be configured to dispense warheads with gentle nudges along the flight path to hit geographically dispersed targets. Depending on the size of the alien ship, warheads from a single missile could be used to hit multiple points.
My guess is that highly motivated mission planners could have a mission profile programmed and uploaded to the appropriate launch platforms in a few days. There's no new hardware to develop, just reconfiguration of existing hardware.
3
Really tempted to downvote. " timing an interception should be fairly straight forward". Nope. Not hardly. Boost accelerations are not uniform, nor are they precisely calculated. Any ICBM depends on mid-course correction after burnout of the main booster. Worse, ICBM warheads use timers for detonation, and for the specified scenario the timing constraints are much too tight. In space the warhead must get very close indeed, but if it makes contact with the target it will be destroyed and will not detonate.
– WhatRoughBeast
Nov 22 at 3:38
1
Boosting directly upwards to geostationary orbit costs more energy than going sideways, as you don't fight gravity that way
– Ferrybig
Nov 22 at 10:11
1
@WhatRoughBeast nothing is uniform. ICBMs require mid-course corrections because they need to achieve accuracy still after the ballistic coast- and re-entry. That would require insane precision of the launch, without correction. But that doesn't mean the launch does not already have pretty decent precision. I reckon the precision is actually pretty good, because the more Δv you need to spend on corrections, the less payload you'll be able to carry, so they certainly have optimised this. And, replacing the timer-detonators with something distance-tracking really wouldn't be hard.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:45
1
@NonnyMoose hence the mission profile that aims for an area that doesn't matter if it gets hit. The middle of the Pacific is a big place where no one cares.
– Green
Nov 22 at 21:01
1
@SSight3 abort codes are a hollywood myth. No take-backsies on nuclear war unfortunately, once an ICBM leaves that silo, its time to head to the fallout shelters.
– mbrig
Nov 23 at 21:26
|
show 4 more comments
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
up vote
10
down vote
accepted
Retarget an ICBM
ICBMs achieve an altitude of 150 to 400 km (93 to 249 mi) in the initial boost phase. Apogee is 1,200 km (750 mi). While this is far short of the 35,786 km (22,236 mi) of geostationary orbit. This is plenty of altitude to hit any large orbiting non-maneuvering alien spaceship. Given that ICBM launches generally need to traverse the Earth's surface, thus spending delta-v to go sideways, it may be possible to gain some additional altitude if surface traversal can be minimized.
No new hardware will need to be developed, just changes to the targets and launch profiles.
ICBMs are designed to hit a specific target on Earth's surface. Let us assume that they cannot be setup to hit a target in orbit. With this limitation in mind, mission planners can setup a custom launch profile that targets a specific geographic location with a launch path that intersects the path of the alien spaceship.
ICBM Mission Profile
Surface Target: Middle of Pacific Ocean. Should the alien ship maneuver out of the way, the warhead(s) should detonate in a location that won't hurt anyone.
Launch Timing: If the alien spaceship has maintained a stable orbit then timing an interception should be fairly straight forward.
Guidance System Configuration: The sub launched Trident missile are fitted with Multiple Reentry Vehicles. While international treaties prevent these warheads from being actively guided, a warhead launcher can be configured to dispense warheads with gentle nudges along the flight path to hit geographically dispersed targets. Depending on the size of the alien ship, warheads from a single missile could be used to hit multiple points.
My guess is that highly motivated mission planners could have a mission profile programmed and uploaded to the appropriate launch platforms in a few days. There's no new hardware to develop, just reconfiguration of existing hardware.
Retarget an ICBM
ICBMs achieve an altitude of 150 to 400 km (93 to 249 mi) in the initial boost phase. Apogee is 1,200 km (750 mi). While this is far short of the 35,786 km (22,236 mi) of geostationary orbit. This is plenty of altitude to hit any large orbiting non-maneuvering alien spaceship. Given that ICBM launches generally need to traverse the Earth's surface, thus spending delta-v to go sideways, it may be possible to gain some additional altitude if surface traversal can be minimized.
No new hardware will need to be developed, just changes to the targets and launch profiles.
ICBMs are designed to hit a specific target on Earth's surface. Let us assume that they cannot be setup to hit a target in orbit. With this limitation in mind, mission planners can setup a custom launch profile that targets a specific geographic location with a launch path that intersects the path of the alien spaceship.
ICBM Mission Profile
Surface Target: Middle of Pacific Ocean. Should the alien ship maneuver out of the way, the warhead(s) should detonate in a location that won't hurt anyone.
Launch Timing: If the alien spaceship has maintained a stable orbit then timing an interception should be fairly straight forward.
Guidance System Configuration: The sub launched Trident missile are fitted with Multiple Reentry Vehicles. While international treaties prevent these warheads from being actively guided, a warhead launcher can be configured to dispense warheads with gentle nudges along the flight path to hit geographically dispersed targets. Depending on the size of the alien ship, warheads from a single missile could be used to hit multiple points.
My guess is that highly motivated mission planners could have a mission profile programmed and uploaded to the appropriate launch platforms in a few days. There's no new hardware to develop, just reconfiguration of existing hardware.
answered Nov 21 at 17:25
Green
43.3k7109228
43.3k7109228
3
Really tempted to downvote. " timing an interception should be fairly straight forward". Nope. Not hardly. Boost accelerations are not uniform, nor are they precisely calculated. Any ICBM depends on mid-course correction after burnout of the main booster. Worse, ICBM warheads use timers for detonation, and for the specified scenario the timing constraints are much too tight. In space the warhead must get very close indeed, but if it makes contact with the target it will be destroyed and will not detonate.
– WhatRoughBeast
Nov 22 at 3:38
1
Boosting directly upwards to geostationary orbit costs more energy than going sideways, as you don't fight gravity that way
– Ferrybig
Nov 22 at 10:11
1
@WhatRoughBeast nothing is uniform. ICBMs require mid-course corrections because they need to achieve accuracy still after the ballistic coast- and re-entry. That would require insane precision of the launch, without correction. But that doesn't mean the launch does not already have pretty decent precision. I reckon the precision is actually pretty good, because the more Δv you need to spend on corrections, the less payload you'll be able to carry, so they certainly have optimised this. And, replacing the timer-detonators with something distance-tracking really wouldn't be hard.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:45
1
@NonnyMoose hence the mission profile that aims for an area that doesn't matter if it gets hit. The middle of the Pacific is a big place where no one cares.
– Green
Nov 22 at 21:01
1
@SSight3 abort codes are a hollywood myth. No take-backsies on nuclear war unfortunately, once an ICBM leaves that silo, its time to head to the fallout shelters.
– mbrig
Nov 23 at 21:26
|
show 4 more comments
3
Really tempted to downvote. " timing an interception should be fairly straight forward". Nope. Not hardly. Boost accelerations are not uniform, nor are they precisely calculated. Any ICBM depends on mid-course correction after burnout of the main booster. Worse, ICBM warheads use timers for detonation, and for the specified scenario the timing constraints are much too tight. In space the warhead must get very close indeed, but if it makes contact with the target it will be destroyed and will not detonate.
– WhatRoughBeast
Nov 22 at 3:38
1
Boosting directly upwards to geostationary orbit costs more energy than going sideways, as you don't fight gravity that way
– Ferrybig
Nov 22 at 10:11
1
@WhatRoughBeast nothing is uniform. ICBMs require mid-course corrections because they need to achieve accuracy still after the ballistic coast- and re-entry. That would require insane precision of the launch, without correction. But that doesn't mean the launch does not already have pretty decent precision. I reckon the precision is actually pretty good, because the more Δv you need to spend on corrections, the less payload you'll be able to carry, so they certainly have optimised this. And, replacing the timer-detonators with something distance-tracking really wouldn't be hard.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:45
1
@NonnyMoose hence the mission profile that aims for an area that doesn't matter if it gets hit. The middle of the Pacific is a big place where no one cares.
– Green
Nov 22 at 21:01
1
@SSight3 abort codes are a hollywood myth. No take-backsies on nuclear war unfortunately, once an ICBM leaves that silo, its time to head to the fallout shelters.
– mbrig
Nov 23 at 21:26
3
3
Really tempted to downvote. " timing an interception should be fairly straight forward". Nope. Not hardly. Boost accelerations are not uniform, nor are they precisely calculated. Any ICBM depends on mid-course correction after burnout of the main booster. Worse, ICBM warheads use timers for detonation, and for the specified scenario the timing constraints are much too tight. In space the warhead must get very close indeed, but if it makes contact with the target it will be destroyed and will not detonate.
– WhatRoughBeast
Nov 22 at 3:38
Really tempted to downvote. " timing an interception should be fairly straight forward". Nope. Not hardly. Boost accelerations are not uniform, nor are they precisely calculated. Any ICBM depends on mid-course correction after burnout of the main booster. Worse, ICBM warheads use timers for detonation, and for the specified scenario the timing constraints are much too tight. In space the warhead must get very close indeed, but if it makes contact with the target it will be destroyed and will not detonate.
– WhatRoughBeast
Nov 22 at 3:38
1
1
Boosting directly upwards to geostationary orbit costs more energy than going sideways, as you don't fight gravity that way
– Ferrybig
Nov 22 at 10:11
Boosting directly upwards to geostationary orbit costs more energy than going sideways, as you don't fight gravity that way
– Ferrybig
Nov 22 at 10:11
1
1
@WhatRoughBeast nothing is uniform. ICBMs require mid-course corrections because they need to achieve accuracy still after the ballistic coast- and re-entry. That would require insane precision of the launch, without correction. But that doesn't mean the launch does not already have pretty decent precision. I reckon the precision is actually pretty good, because the more Δv you need to spend on corrections, the less payload you'll be able to carry, so they certainly have optimised this. And, replacing the timer-detonators with something distance-tracking really wouldn't be hard.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:45
@WhatRoughBeast nothing is uniform. ICBMs require mid-course corrections because they need to achieve accuracy still after the ballistic coast- and re-entry. That would require insane precision of the launch, without correction. But that doesn't mean the launch does not already have pretty decent precision. I reckon the precision is actually pretty good, because the more Δv you need to spend on corrections, the less payload you'll be able to carry, so they certainly have optimised this. And, replacing the timer-detonators with something distance-tracking really wouldn't be hard.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:45
1
1
@NonnyMoose hence the mission profile that aims for an area that doesn't matter if it gets hit. The middle of the Pacific is a big place where no one cares.
– Green
Nov 22 at 21:01
@NonnyMoose hence the mission profile that aims for an area that doesn't matter if it gets hit. The middle of the Pacific is a big place where no one cares.
– Green
Nov 22 at 21:01
1
1
@SSight3 abort codes are a hollywood myth. No take-backsies on nuclear war unfortunately, once an ICBM leaves that silo, its time to head to the fallout shelters.
– mbrig
Nov 23 at 21:26
@SSight3 abort codes are a hollywood myth. No take-backsies on nuclear war unfortunately, once an ICBM leaves that silo, its time to head to the fallout shelters.
– mbrig
Nov 23 at 21:26
|
show 4 more comments
up vote
26
down vote
Don't use an ICBM. Use an ASAT with a nuke as payload. These things have existed for decades.
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. Several nations possess operational ASAT systems, with others in development or design. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilised in warfare, several nations have shot down their own (defunct) satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force.
20
@JoeBloggs The real question is whether any of them produce enough thrust to carry a warhead that's big enough to do some damage. Some ASAT missiles don't even have explosive warheads; they're kinetic kill weapons.
– Ray
Nov 21 at 19:29
2
@Ray I guess it takes a lot more to kill an alien spaceship than something that has to be put together in a clean room in case of grit...
– Joe Bloggs
Nov 21 at 21:08
3
An ASAT has the guidance ability, but it would be a gnat against a kilometers wide spacecraft.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:26
5
A SAT impacting against a spacehisp on a retrograde orbit to that of the spaceship it's going to have the same power as a powerful nuke without need for explosives. Just the kinetic energy of two objects at orbital speed and opposite directions of rotation is enough.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:19
2
@Saiboogu - not if it finds the thermal exhaust port...
– Spratty
Nov 23 at 13:29
|
show 13 more comments
up vote
26
down vote
Don't use an ICBM. Use an ASAT with a nuke as payload. These things have existed for decades.
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. Several nations possess operational ASAT systems, with others in development or design. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilised in warfare, several nations have shot down their own (defunct) satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force.
20
@JoeBloggs The real question is whether any of them produce enough thrust to carry a warhead that's big enough to do some damage. Some ASAT missiles don't even have explosive warheads; they're kinetic kill weapons.
– Ray
Nov 21 at 19:29
2
@Ray I guess it takes a lot more to kill an alien spaceship than something that has to be put together in a clean room in case of grit...
– Joe Bloggs
Nov 21 at 21:08
3
An ASAT has the guidance ability, but it would be a gnat against a kilometers wide spacecraft.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:26
5
A SAT impacting against a spacehisp on a retrograde orbit to that of the spaceship it's going to have the same power as a powerful nuke without need for explosives. Just the kinetic energy of two objects at orbital speed and opposite directions of rotation is enough.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:19
2
@Saiboogu - not if it finds the thermal exhaust port...
– Spratty
Nov 23 at 13:29
|
show 13 more comments
up vote
26
down vote
up vote
26
down vote
Don't use an ICBM. Use an ASAT with a nuke as payload. These things have existed for decades.
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. Several nations possess operational ASAT systems, with others in development or design. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilised in warfare, several nations have shot down their own (defunct) satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force.
Don't use an ICBM. Use an ASAT with a nuke as payload. These things have existed for decades.
Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. Several nations possess operational ASAT systems, with others in development or design. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilised in warfare, several nations have shot down their own (defunct) satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force.
answered Nov 21 at 13:15
Renan
41.6k1194210
41.6k1194210
20
@JoeBloggs The real question is whether any of them produce enough thrust to carry a warhead that's big enough to do some damage. Some ASAT missiles don't even have explosive warheads; they're kinetic kill weapons.
– Ray
Nov 21 at 19:29
2
@Ray I guess it takes a lot more to kill an alien spaceship than something that has to be put together in a clean room in case of grit...
– Joe Bloggs
Nov 21 at 21:08
3
An ASAT has the guidance ability, but it would be a gnat against a kilometers wide spacecraft.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:26
5
A SAT impacting against a spacehisp on a retrograde orbit to that of the spaceship it's going to have the same power as a powerful nuke without need for explosives. Just the kinetic energy of two objects at orbital speed and opposite directions of rotation is enough.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:19
2
@Saiboogu - not if it finds the thermal exhaust port...
– Spratty
Nov 23 at 13:29
|
show 13 more comments
20
@JoeBloggs The real question is whether any of them produce enough thrust to carry a warhead that's big enough to do some damage. Some ASAT missiles don't even have explosive warheads; they're kinetic kill weapons.
– Ray
Nov 21 at 19:29
2
@Ray I guess it takes a lot more to kill an alien spaceship than something that has to be put together in a clean room in case of grit...
– Joe Bloggs
Nov 21 at 21:08
3
An ASAT has the guidance ability, but it would be a gnat against a kilometers wide spacecraft.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:26
5
A SAT impacting against a spacehisp on a retrograde orbit to that of the spaceship it's going to have the same power as a powerful nuke without need for explosives. Just the kinetic energy of two objects at orbital speed and opposite directions of rotation is enough.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:19
2
@Saiboogu - not if it finds the thermal exhaust port...
– Spratty
Nov 23 at 13:29
20
20
@JoeBloggs The real question is whether any of them produce enough thrust to carry a warhead that's big enough to do some damage. Some ASAT missiles don't even have explosive warheads; they're kinetic kill weapons.
– Ray
Nov 21 at 19:29
@JoeBloggs The real question is whether any of them produce enough thrust to carry a warhead that's big enough to do some damage. Some ASAT missiles don't even have explosive warheads; they're kinetic kill weapons.
– Ray
Nov 21 at 19:29
2
2
@Ray I guess it takes a lot more to kill an alien spaceship than something that has to be put together in a clean room in case of grit...
– Joe Bloggs
Nov 21 at 21:08
@Ray I guess it takes a lot more to kill an alien spaceship than something that has to be put together in a clean room in case of grit...
– Joe Bloggs
Nov 21 at 21:08
3
3
An ASAT has the guidance ability, but it would be a gnat against a kilometers wide spacecraft.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:26
An ASAT has the guidance ability, but it would be a gnat against a kilometers wide spacecraft.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:26
5
5
A SAT impacting against a spacehisp on a retrograde orbit to that of the spaceship it's going to have the same power as a powerful nuke without need for explosives. Just the kinetic energy of two objects at orbital speed and opposite directions of rotation is enough.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:19
A SAT impacting against a spacehisp on a retrograde orbit to that of the spaceship it's going to have the same power as a powerful nuke without need for explosives. Just the kinetic energy of two objects at orbital speed and opposite directions of rotation is enough.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:19
2
2
@Saiboogu - not if it finds the thermal exhaust port...
– Spratty
Nov 23 at 13:29
@Saiboogu - not if it finds the thermal exhaust port...
– Spratty
Nov 23 at 13:29
|
show 13 more comments
up vote
19
down vote
ICBM is a bad pick. It can't track or be guided from the ground. You don't expect an enemy city to start running. I doubt, an alien ship will stand in place and wait for minutes for us to hit it. They would need to adjust the guidance system and give it ability to track targets.
How fast they can do that? Military will not tell me. It will be days, weeks even.
ASAT & ABM can be used to deliver a nuke and have more guidance and precision for sure. Can they take it out? How durable is that ship? Can they chase that ship?
Carrier rockets Use all we have, loaded with nukes. Will aliens allow you to set them up for a launch?
EMP Will that work alone? I would think, an alien ship would have a lot of protection from that. At least we can try.
For better chances, I would make a "net" of missiles from all sides, with a good amount of decoys with no payload.
How fast? That would depend on our desperation and how hard that ship is to hit. Parts of defense can be used in minutes/hours. Same for some of ICBMs, if the ship will not evade them. Maybe, we have a Falcon 9 or a Soyuz ready on a pad. How fast you can load them with nukes and work out how to blow them up?
Aside from poor grammar, this is actually a decent answer.
– Adrian Zhang
Nov 21 at 20:56
1
By the way: Many carrier rockets used by space programs are actually based on ICBM designs. The Soyuz and Progress are derived from the R-7 Semyorka. The Proton-family were initially developed as a super-heavy ICBM (but never used as such). The Gemini program of NASA was also using a repurposed ICBM design (the Titan II)
– Philipp
Nov 22 at 16:26
add a comment |
up vote
19
down vote
ICBM is a bad pick. It can't track or be guided from the ground. You don't expect an enemy city to start running. I doubt, an alien ship will stand in place and wait for minutes for us to hit it. They would need to adjust the guidance system and give it ability to track targets.
How fast they can do that? Military will not tell me. It will be days, weeks even.
ASAT & ABM can be used to deliver a nuke and have more guidance and precision for sure. Can they take it out? How durable is that ship? Can they chase that ship?
Carrier rockets Use all we have, loaded with nukes. Will aliens allow you to set them up for a launch?
EMP Will that work alone? I would think, an alien ship would have a lot of protection from that. At least we can try.
For better chances, I would make a "net" of missiles from all sides, with a good amount of decoys with no payload.
How fast? That would depend on our desperation and how hard that ship is to hit. Parts of defense can be used in minutes/hours. Same for some of ICBMs, if the ship will not evade them. Maybe, we have a Falcon 9 or a Soyuz ready on a pad. How fast you can load them with nukes and work out how to blow them up?
Aside from poor grammar, this is actually a decent answer.
– Adrian Zhang
Nov 21 at 20:56
1
By the way: Many carrier rockets used by space programs are actually based on ICBM designs. The Soyuz and Progress are derived from the R-7 Semyorka. The Proton-family were initially developed as a super-heavy ICBM (but never used as such). The Gemini program of NASA was also using a repurposed ICBM design (the Titan II)
– Philipp
Nov 22 at 16:26
add a comment |
up vote
19
down vote
up vote
19
down vote
ICBM is a bad pick. It can't track or be guided from the ground. You don't expect an enemy city to start running. I doubt, an alien ship will stand in place and wait for minutes for us to hit it. They would need to adjust the guidance system and give it ability to track targets.
How fast they can do that? Military will not tell me. It will be days, weeks even.
ASAT & ABM can be used to deliver a nuke and have more guidance and precision for sure. Can they take it out? How durable is that ship? Can they chase that ship?
Carrier rockets Use all we have, loaded with nukes. Will aliens allow you to set them up for a launch?
EMP Will that work alone? I would think, an alien ship would have a lot of protection from that. At least we can try.
For better chances, I would make a "net" of missiles from all sides, with a good amount of decoys with no payload.
How fast? That would depend on our desperation and how hard that ship is to hit. Parts of defense can be used in minutes/hours. Same for some of ICBMs, if the ship will not evade them. Maybe, we have a Falcon 9 or a Soyuz ready on a pad. How fast you can load them with nukes and work out how to blow them up?
ICBM is a bad pick. It can't track or be guided from the ground. You don't expect an enemy city to start running. I doubt, an alien ship will stand in place and wait for minutes for us to hit it. They would need to adjust the guidance system and give it ability to track targets.
How fast they can do that? Military will not tell me. It will be days, weeks even.
ASAT & ABM can be used to deliver a nuke and have more guidance and precision for sure. Can they take it out? How durable is that ship? Can they chase that ship?
Carrier rockets Use all we have, loaded with nukes. Will aliens allow you to set them up for a launch?
EMP Will that work alone? I would think, an alien ship would have a lot of protection from that. At least we can try.
For better chances, I would make a "net" of missiles from all sides, with a good amount of decoys with no payload.
How fast? That would depend on our desperation and how hard that ship is to hit. Parts of defense can be used in minutes/hours. Same for some of ICBMs, if the ship will not evade them. Maybe, we have a Falcon 9 or a Soyuz ready on a pad. How fast you can load them with nukes and work out how to blow them up?
edited Nov 21 at 21:57
answered Nov 21 at 18:08
Artemijs Danilovs
97119
97119
Aside from poor grammar, this is actually a decent answer.
– Adrian Zhang
Nov 21 at 20:56
1
By the way: Many carrier rockets used by space programs are actually based on ICBM designs. The Soyuz and Progress are derived from the R-7 Semyorka. The Proton-family were initially developed as a super-heavy ICBM (but never used as such). The Gemini program of NASA was also using a repurposed ICBM design (the Titan II)
– Philipp
Nov 22 at 16:26
add a comment |
Aside from poor grammar, this is actually a decent answer.
– Adrian Zhang
Nov 21 at 20:56
1
By the way: Many carrier rockets used by space programs are actually based on ICBM designs. The Soyuz and Progress are derived from the R-7 Semyorka. The Proton-family were initially developed as a super-heavy ICBM (but never used as such). The Gemini program of NASA was also using a repurposed ICBM design (the Titan II)
– Philipp
Nov 22 at 16:26
Aside from poor grammar, this is actually a decent answer.
– Adrian Zhang
Nov 21 at 20:56
Aside from poor grammar, this is actually a decent answer.
– Adrian Zhang
Nov 21 at 20:56
1
1
By the way: Many carrier rockets used by space programs are actually based on ICBM designs. The Soyuz and Progress are derived from the R-7 Semyorka. The Proton-family were initially developed as a super-heavy ICBM (but never used as such). The Gemini program of NASA was also using a repurposed ICBM design (the Titan II)
– Philipp
Nov 22 at 16:26
By the way: Many carrier rockets used by space programs are actually based on ICBM designs. The Soyuz and Progress are derived from the R-7 Semyorka. The Proton-family were initially developed as a super-heavy ICBM (but never used as such). The Gemini program of NASA was also using a repurposed ICBM design (the Titan II)
– Philipp
Nov 22 at 16:26
add a comment |
up vote
14
down vote
If you detonate a nuke in the emptiness of LEO you won't rely on the shock wave to deliver damage, but mostly on the EMP.
The test executed with Starfish Prime showed that the damage can happen at considerable distance, both in space and time.
The Starfish Prime electromagnetic pulse also made those effects known to the public by causing electrical damage in Hawaii, about 1,445 kilometres (898 mi) away from the detonation point. [...] The weaponeers became quite worried when three satellites in low Earth orbit were disabled.[...] In the months that followed these man-made radiation belts eventually caused six or more satellites to fail.
Therefore I would dare to say that you won't need cm accuracy. Take any rocket which can deliver the weight of a nuclear warhead to LEO (130 kg for a W80) and make sure it detonates. For comparison, a Falcon 9 has a payload of about 10000 kg, and I am pretty sure the most time would be needed to transport all the warheads to the launch facilities.
For good security I would also add some shrapnel like device to saturate LEO with physical debris, so that you can damage as much as possible of the released flying saucer.
16
Not sure it's reasonable to go for a radiation/EMP kill against a vehicle capable of interstellar flight. Odds are good they're hardened against a lot.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:27
6
@Saiboogu Yeah, I'm pretty sure I saw a documentary once about the U.S. President that tried to nuke such a vehicle. If I recall, it didn't even scratch it...
– Michael
Nov 22 at 2:37
1
Plus it would likely knock out our power as a side effect, so if it doesn't work, now we're facing a UFO in the dark.
– Anthony
Nov 22 at 6:34
3
A nuke in vacuum does not cause much of an EMP. That's mostly an atmospheric effect, it works best in the ionosphere. If you rely on that, you'd need to detonate the nuke way lower than LEO, meaning you wouldn't get closer than a couple hundred kilometres.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:32
2
@Saiboogu Given that spaceships must be airtight I suppose they are excellent Faraday cages (+1).
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:22
|
show 4 more comments
up vote
14
down vote
If you detonate a nuke in the emptiness of LEO you won't rely on the shock wave to deliver damage, but mostly on the EMP.
The test executed with Starfish Prime showed that the damage can happen at considerable distance, both in space and time.
The Starfish Prime electromagnetic pulse also made those effects known to the public by causing electrical damage in Hawaii, about 1,445 kilometres (898 mi) away from the detonation point. [...] The weaponeers became quite worried when three satellites in low Earth orbit were disabled.[...] In the months that followed these man-made radiation belts eventually caused six or more satellites to fail.
Therefore I would dare to say that you won't need cm accuracy. Take any rocket which can deliver the weight of a nuclear warhead to LEO (130 kg for a W80) and make sure it detonates. For comparison, a Falcon 9 has a payload of about 10000 kg, and I am pretty sure the most time would be needed to transport all the warheads to the launch facilities.
For good security I would also add some shrapnel like device to saturate LEO with physical debris, so that you can damage as much as possible of the released flying saucer.
16
Not sure it's reasonable to go for a radiation/EMP kill against a vehicle capable of interstellar flight. Odds are good they're hardened against a lot.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:27
6
@Saiboogu Yeah, I'm pretty sure I saw a documentary once about the U.S. President that tried to nuke such a vehicle. If I recall, it didn't even scratch it...
– Michael
Nov 22 at 2:37
1
Plus it would likely knock out our power as a side effect, so if it doesn't work, now we're facing a UFO in the dark.
– Anthony
Nov 22 at 6:34
3
A nuke in vacuum does not cause much of an EMP. That's mostly an atmospheric effect, it works best in the ionosphere. If you rely on that, you'd need to detonate the nuke way lower than LEO, meaning you wouldn't get closer than a couple hundred kilometres.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:32
2
@Saiboogu Given that spaceships must be airtight I suppose they are excellent Faraday cages (+1).
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:22
|
show 4 more comments
up vote
14
down vote
up vote
14
down vote
If you detonate a nuke in the emptiness of LEO you won't rely on the shock wave to deliver damage, but mostly on the EMP.
The test executed with Starfish Prime showed that the damage can happen at considerable distance, both in space and time.
The Starfish Prime electromagnetic pulse also made those effects known to the public by causing electrical damage in Hawaii, about 1,445 kilometres (898 mi) away from the detonation point. [...] The weaponeers became quite worried when three satellites in low Earth orbit were disabled.[...] In the months that followed these man-made radiation belts eventually caused six or more satellites to fail.
Therefore I would dare to say that you won't need cm accuracy. Take any rocket which can deliver the weight of a nuclear warhead to LEO (130 kg for a W80) and make sure it detonates. For comparison, a Falcon 9 has a payload of about 10000 kg, and I am pretty sure the most time would be needed to transport all the warheads to the launch facilities.
For good security I would also add some shrapnel like device to saturate LEO with physical debris, so that you can damage as much as possible of the released flying saucer.
If you detonate a nuke in the emptiness of LEO you won't rely on the shock wave to deliver damage, but mostly on the EMP.
The test executed with Starfish Prime showed that the damage can happen at considerable distance, both in space and time.
The Starfish Prime electromagnetic pulse also made those effects known to the public by causing electrical damage in Hawaii, about 1,445 kilometres (898 mi) away from the detonation point. [...] The weaponeers became quite worried when three satellites in low Earth orbit were disabled.[...] In the months that followed these man-made radiation belts eventually caused six or more satellites to fail.
Therefore I would dare to say that you won't need cm accuracy. Take any rocket which can deliver the weight of a nuclear warhead to LEO (130 kg for a W80) and make sure it detonates. For comparison, a Falcon 9 has a payload of about 10000 kg, and I am pretty sure the most time would be needed to transport all the warheads to the launch facilities.
For good security I would also add some shrapnel like device to saturate LEO with physical debris, so that you can damage as much as possible of the released flying saucer.
answered Nov 21 at 15:50
L.Dutch♦
73.5k23178355
73.5k23178355
16
Not sure it's reasonable to go for a radiation/EMP kill against a vehicle capable of interstellar flight. Odds are good they're hardened against a lot.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:27
6
@Saiboogu Yeah, I'm pretty sure I saw a documentary once about the U.S. President that tried to nuke such a vehicle. If I recall, it didn't even scratch it...
– Michael
Nov 22 at 2:37
1
Plus it would likely knock out our power as a side effect, so if it doesn't work, now we're facing a UFO in the dark.
– Anthony
Nov 22 at 6:34
3
A nuke in vacuum does not cause much of an EMP. That's mostly an atmospheric effect, it works best in the ionosphere. If you rely on that, you'd need to detonate the nuke way lower than LEO, meaning you wouldn't get closer than a couple hundred kilometres.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:32
2
@Saiboogu Given that spaceships must be airtight I suppose they are excellent Faraday cages (+1).
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:22
|
show 4 more comments
16
Not sure it's reasonable to go for a radiation/EMP kill against a vehicle capable of interstellar flight. Odds are good they're hardened against a lot.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:27
6
@Saiboogu Yeah, I'm pretty sure I saw a documentary once about the U.S. President that tried to nuke such a vehicle. If I recall, it didn't even scratch it...
– Michael
Nov 22 at 2:37
1
Plus it would likely knock out our power as a side effect, so if it doesn't work, now we're facing a UFO in the dark.
– Anthony
Nov 22 at 6:34
3
A nuke in vacuum does not cause much of an EMP. That's mostly an atmospheric effect, it works best in the ionosphere. If you rely on that, you'd need to detonate the nuke way lower than LEO, meaning you wouldn't get closer than a couple hundred kilometres.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:32
2
@Saiboogu Given that spaceships must be airtight I suppose they are excellent Faraday cages (+1).
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:22
16
16
Not sure it's reasonable to go for a radiation/EMP kill against a vehicle capable of interstellar flight. Odds are good they're hardened against a lot.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:27
Not sure it's reasonable to go for a radiation/EMP kill against a vehicle capable of interstellar flight. Odds are good they're hardened against a lot.
– Saiboogu
Nov 21 at 21:27
6
6
@Saiboogu Yeah, I'm pretty sure I saw a documentary once about the U.S. President that tried to nuke such a vehicle. If I recall, it didn't even scratch it...
– Michael
Nov 22 at 2:37
@Saiboogu Yeah, I'm pretty sure I saw a documentary once about the U.S. President that tried to nuke such a vehicle. If I recall, it didn't even scratch it...
– Michael
Nov 22 at 2:37
1
1
Plus it would likely knock out our power as a side effect, so if it doesn't work, now we're facing a UFO in the dark.
– Anthony
Nov 22 at 6:34
Plus it would likely knock out our power as a side effect, so if it doesn't work, now we're facing a UFO in the dark.
– Anthony
Nov 22 at 6:34
3
3
A nuke in vacuum does not cause much of an EMP. That's mostly an atmospheric effect, it works best in the ionosphere. If you rely on that, you'd need to detonate the nuke way lower than LEO, meaning you wouldn't get closer than a couple hundred kilometres.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:32
A nuke in vacuum does not cause much of an EMP. That's mostly an atmospheric effect, it works best in the ionosphere. If you rely on that, you'd need to detonate the nuke way lower than LEO, meaning you wouldn't get closer than a couple hundred kilometres.
– leftaroundabout
Nov 22 at 10:32
2
2
@Saiboogu Given that spaceships must be airtight I suppose they are excellent Faraday cages (+1).
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:22
@Saiboogu Given that spaceships must be airtight I suppose they are excellent Faraday cages (+1).
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:22
|
show 4 more comments
up vote
8
down vote
It's all software.
At their apogee, missiles don't have any thrusters, they can't turn. Adding maneuvering thrusters to a MIRV would be infeasible to do quickly, since you are essentially designing a new spacecraft.
That means you won't be making any significant hardware changes to the missile and warheads. You can get-r-done in software, except for fuzing, but bombs having multiple interchangeable fuzes (detonators) is almost as old as bombs.
The whole rest of this answer is about fuzing,
Mostly nukes are fuzed for altitude, though impact fuses are an existing (though fairly evil) option. You won't get the chance to develop a RADAR style proximity detonator for a MIRV. They don't already have them, and up til now there'd never been a use for one, unless they happened to use a RADAR altimeter you could hack for the purpose. (I am not an expt on nuke fuzing methods, nor should I be.) Anyway you'l need a ton of them, so it needs to be something you can quickly implement.
Swarming
A starship will be just like any other point defense: its point defenses will have limits. If you heard the phrase "Interceptors are running hot" on Babylon 5, that is a warning that the enemy fire is coming faster than the interceptors can defeat it, and the ship will start taking hits.
Stalin said, "quantity has a quality all its own": a Soviet hallmark, not to mention an American one in WWII on both fronts. So it is right out of the playbook of both large nuclear powers: this swarm philosophy is why they are large.
Presumably an advanced translight enemy has heard of both A-bombs and orbital missiles. It can shoot down our missiles all day. You're betting the planet that they can't shoot down 500 in 5 seconds. All this to say, this "time on target" approach will require an awful lot of fuzes.
Another reason for a swarm is to shotgun, much like the Hedgehog in WWII, so maneuvering is not effective.
The bigger problem is the ones that miss
Ok, so you got him. Unfortunately, the ship's bits pelted the west Atlantic. That's not the unfortunate part. It's that his position when hit was over the ocean west of France. That's not it either, the unfortunate part is that 460 missed shots launched from the Dakotas pelted the Holy Lands ranging from the Dead Sea to Pakistan, including wild shots that landed in Macedonia (both), the Donbass, and an Ulster's farm field. No harm done, they were fuzed to not detonate if they missed the ship.
Oh wait. Have you read Tom Clancy's The Sum Of All Fears?
At this point, you might as well take a shovel to every major city. Because it's no longer a question of "if", but "when". Thanks, aliens.
So you see where fuzing is a big deal, and there really aren't any good answers.
- Detonating near the ground is out of the question, obviously.
- If you fuze to detonate them in space or high atmosphere, you get massive EMP that does damage to satellites and on the ground both. France would be knocked back to the stone age in a flash.
- I can't see a technical way to get the MIRVs to sabotage themselves as reentry vehicles, e.g. Deliberately enter facing backwards and burn up in atmo, not that a huge injection of plutonium into the sky would be particularly awesome either.
- Really your best bet out of a lot of unpleasant choices is to let them land with a thud, and take your chances with finding them all before another of Clancy's books turns real.
The whole rest of this answer is about [fusing] - just like the second half of WWII ;)
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:18
3
Folks, the word is fuze. Different word from fuse which is either the burning string that never works for Wylie E. Coyote, or an electrical protective device for one-time use.
– Harper
Nov 22 at 22:08
Why is no-one still considering the fact that abort codes exist precisely to destroy a missile that either misses or misfires to prevent it from killing people? If it misses, you activate it's abort code and move on (you'd need a hell of a lot of operators for all the missiles assuming each one has a unique code though).
– SSight3
Nov 23 at 11:46
@SSight3 -- the problem isn't explosions, it's nuclear UXO, and abort codes do zilch for that
– Shalvenay
Nov 23 at 15:24
add a comment |
up vote
8
down vote
It's all software.
At their apogee, missiles don't have any thrusters, they can't turn. Adding maneuvering thrusters to a MIRV would be infeasible to do quickly, since you are essentially designing a new spacecraft.
That means you won't be making any significant hardware changes to the missile and warheads. You can get-r-done in software, except for fuzing, but bombs having multiple interchangeable fuzes (detonators) is almost as old as bombs.
The whole rest of this answer is about fuzing,
Mostly nukes are fuzed for altitude, though impact fuses are an existing (though fairly evil) option. You won't get the chance to develop a RADAR style proximity detonator for a MIRV. They don't already have them, and up til now there'd never been a use for one, unless they happened to use a RADAR altimeter you could hack for the purpose. (I am not an expt on nuke fuzing methods, nor should I be.) Anyway you'l need a ton of them, so it needs to be something you can quickly implement.
Swarming
A starship will be just like any other point defense: its point defenses will have limits. If you heard the phrase "Interceptors are running hot" on Babylon 5, that is a warning that the enemy fire is coming faster than the interceptors can defeat it, and the ship will start taking hits.
Stalin said, "quantity has a quality all its own": a Soviet hallmark, not to mention an American one in WWII on both fronts. So it is right out of the playbook of both large nuclear powers: this swarm philosophy is why they are large.
Presumably an advanced translight enemy has heard of both A-bombs and orbital missiles. It can shoot down our missiles all day. You're betting the planet that they can't shoot down 500 in 5 seconds. All this to say, this "time on target" approach will require an awful lot of fuzes.
Another reason for a swarm is to shotgun, much like the Hedgehog in WWII, so maneuvering is not effective.
The bigger problem is the ones that miss
Ok, so you got him. Unfortunately, the ship's bits pelted the west Atlantic. That's not the unfortunate part. It's that his position when hit was over the ocean west of France. That's not it either, the unfortunate part is that 460 missed shots launched from the Dakotas pelted the Holy Lands ranging from the Dead Sea to Pakistan, including wild shots that landed in Macedonia (both), the Donbass, and an Ulster's farm field. No harm done, they were fuzed to not detonate if they missed the ship.
Oh wait. Have you read Tom Clancy's The Sum Of All Fears?
At this point, you might as well take a shovel to every major city. Because it's no longer a question of "if", but "when". Thanks, aliens.
So you see where fuzing is a big deal, and there really aren't any good answers.
- Detonating near the ground is out of the question, obviously.
- If you fuze to detonate them in space or high atmosphere, you get massive EMP that does damage to satellites and on the ground both. France would be knocked back to the stone age in a flash.
- I can't see a technical way to get the MIRVs to sabotage themselves as reentry vehicles, e.g. Deliberately enter facing backwards and burn up in atmo, not that a huge injection of plutonium into the sky would be particularly awesome either.
- Really your best bet out of a lot of unpleasant choices is to let them land with a thud, and take your chances with finding them all before another of Clancy's books turns real.
The whole rest of this answer is about [fusing] - just like the second half of WWII ;)
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:18
3
Folks, the word is fuze. Different word from fuse which is either the burning string that never works for Wylie E. Coyote, or an electrical protective device for one-time use.
– Harper
Nov 22 at 22:08
Why is no-one still considering the fact that abort codes exist precisely to destroy a missile that either misses or misfires to prevent it from killing people? If it misses, you activate it's abort code and move on (you'd need a hell of a lot of operators for all the missiles assuming each one has a unique code though).
– SSight3
Nov 23 at 11:46
@SSight3 -- the problem isn't explosions, it's nuclear UXO, and abort codes do zilch for that
– Shalvenay
Nov 23 at 15:24
add a comment |
up vote
8
down vote
up vote
8
down vote
It's all software.
At their apogee, missiles don't have any thrusters, they can't turn. Adding maneuvering thrusters to a MIRV would be infeasible to do quickly, since you are essentially designing a new spacecraft.
That means you won't be making any significant hardware changes to the missile and warheads. You can get-r-done in software, except for fuzing, but bombs having multiple interchangeable fuzes (detonators) is almost as old as bombs.
The whole rest of this answer is about fuzing,
Mostly nukes are fuzed for altitude, though impact fuses are an existing (though fairly evil) option. You won't get the chance to develop a RADAR style proximity detonator for a MIRV. They don't already have them, and up til now there'd never been a use for one, unless they happened to use a RADAR altimeter you could hack for the purpose. (I am not an expt on nuke fuzing methods, nor should I be.) Anyway you'l need a ton of them, so it needs to be something you can quickly implement.
Swarming
A starship will be just like any other point defense: its point defenses will have limits. If you heard the phrase "Interceptors are running hot" on Babylon 5, that is a warning that the enemy fire is coming faster than the interceptors can defeat it, and the ship will start taking hits.
Stalin said, "quantity has a quality all its own": a Soviet hallmark, not to mention an American one in WWII on both fronts. So it is right out of the playbook of both large nuclear powers: this swarm philosophy is why they are large.
Presumably an advanced translight enemy has heard of both A-bombs and orbital missiles. It can shoot down our missiles all day. You're betting the planet that they can't shoot down 500 in 5 seconds. All this to say, this "time on target" approach will require an awful lot of fuzes.
Another reason for a swarm is to shotgun, much like the Hedgehog in WWII, so maneuvering is not effective.
The bigger problem is the ones that miss
Ok, so you got him. Unfortunately, the ship's bits pelted the west Atlantic. That's not the unfortunate part. It's that his position when hit was over the ocean west of France. That's not it either, the unfortunate part is that 460 missed shots launched from the Dakotas pelted the Holy Lands ranging from the Dead Sea to Pakistan, including wild shots that landed in Macedonia (both), the Donbass, and an Ulster's farm field. No harm done, they were fuzed to not detonate if they missed the ship.
Oh wait. Have you read Tom Clancy's The Sum Of All Fears?
At this point, you might as well take a shovel to every major city. Because it's no longer a question of "if", but "when". Thanks, aliens.
So you see where fuzing is a big deal, and there really aren't any good answers.
- Detonating near the ground is out of the question, obviously.
- If you fuze to detonate them in space or high atmosphere, you get massive EMP that does damage to satellites and on the ground both. France would be knocked back to the stone age in a flash.
- I can't see a technical way to get the MIRVs to sabotage themselves as reentry vehicles, e.g. Deliberately enter facing backwards and burn up in atmo, not that a huge injection of plutonium into the sky would be particularly awesome either.
- Really your best bet out of a lot of unpleasant choices is to let them land with a thud, and take your chances with finding them all before another of Clancy's books turns real.
It's all software.
At their apogee, missiles don't have any thrusters, they can't turn. Adding maneuvering thrusters to a MIRV would be infeasible to do quickly, since you are essentially designing a new spacecraft.
That means you won't be making any significant hardware changes to the missile and warheads. You can get-r-done in software, except for fuzing, but bombs having multiple interchangeable fuzes (detonators) is almost as old as bombs.
The whole rest of this answer is about fuzing,
Mostly nukes are fuzed for altitude, though impact fuses are an existing (though fairly evil) option. You won't get the chance to develop a RADAR style proximity detonator for a MIRV. They don't already have them, and up til now there'd never been a use for one, unless they happened to use a RADAR altimeter you could hack for the purpose. (I am not an expt on nuke fuzing methods, nor should I be.) Anyway you'l need a ton of them, so it needs to be something you can quickly implement.
Swarming
A starship will be just like any other point defense: its point defenses will have limits. If you heard the phrase "Interceptors are running hot" on Babylon 5, that is a warning that the enemy fire is coming faster than the interceptors can defeat it, and the ship will start taking hits.
Stalin said, "quantity has a quality all its own": a Soviet hallmark, not to mention an American one in WWII on both fronts. So it is right out of the playbook of both large nuclear powers: this swarm philosophy is why they are large.
Presumably an advanced translight enemy has heard of both A-bombs and orbital missiles. It can shoot down our missiles all day. You're betting the planet that they can't shoot down 500 in 5 seconds. All this to say, this "time on target" approach will require an awful lot of fuzes.
Another reason for a swarm is to shotgun, much like the Hedgehog in WWII, so maneuvering is not effective.
The bigger problem is the ones that miss
Ok, so you got him. Unfortunately, the ship's bits pelted the west Atlantic. That's not the unfortunate part. It's that his position when hit was over the ocean west of France. That's not it either, the unfortunate part is that 460 missed shots launched from the Dakotas pelted the Holy Lands ranging from the Dead Sea to Pakistan, including wild shots that landed in Macedonia (both), the Donbass, and an Ulster's farm field. No harm done, they were fuzed to not detonate if they missed the ship.
Oh wait. Have you read Tom Clancy's The Sum Of All Fears?
At this point, you might as well take a shovel to every major city. Because it's no longer a question of "if", but "when". Thanks, aliens.
So you see where fuzing is a big deal, and there really aren't any good answers.
- Detonating near the ground is out of the question, obviously.
- If you fuze to detonate them in space or high atmosphere, you get massive EMP that does damage to satellites and on the ground both. France would be knocked back to the stone age in a flash.
- I can't see a technical way to get the MIRVs to sabotage themselves as reentry vehicles, e.g. Deliberately enter facing backwards and burn up in atmo, not that a huge injection of plutonium into the sky would be particularly awesome either.
- Really your best bet out of a lot of unpleasant choices is to let them land with a thud, and take your chances with finding them all before another of Clancy's books turns real.
answered Nov 21 at 21:01
Harper
5,210621
5,210621
The whole rest of this answer is about [fusing] - just like the second half of WWII ;)
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:18
3
Folks, the word is fuze. Different word from fuse which is either the burning string that never works for Wylie E. Coyote, or an electrical protective device for one-time use.
– Harper
Nov 22 at 22:08
Why is no-one still considering the fact that abort codes exist precisely to destroy a missile that either misses or misfires to prevent it from killing people? If it misses, you activate it's abort code and move on (you'd need a hell of a lot of operators for all the missiles assuming each one has a unique code though).
– SSight3
Nov 23 at 11:46
@SSight3 -- the problem isn't explosions, it's nuclear UXO, and abort codes do zilch for that
– Shalvenay
Nov 23 at 15:24
add a comment |
The whole rest of this answer is about [fusing] - just like the second half of WWII ;)
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:18
3
Folks, the word is fuze. Different word from fuse which is either the burning string that never works for Wylie E. Coyote, or an electrical protective device for one-time use.
– Harper
Nov 22 at 22:08
Why is no-one still considering the fact that abort codes exist precisely to destroy a missile that either misses or misfires to prevent it from killing people? If it misses, you activate it's abort code and move on (you'd need a hell of a lot of operators for all the missiles assuming each one has a unique code though).
– SSight3
Nov 23 at 11:46
@SSight3 -- the problem isn't explosions, it's nuclear UXO, and abort codes do zilch for that
– Shalvenay
Nov 23 at 15:24
The whole rest of this answer is about [fusing] - just like the second half of WWII ;)
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:18
The whole rest of this answer is about [fusing] - just like the second half of WWII ;)
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:18
3
3
Folks, the word is fuze. Different word from fuse which is either the burning string that never works for Wylie E. Coyote, or an electrical protective device for one-time use.
– Harper
Nov 22 at 22:08
Folks, the word is fuze. Different word from fuse which is either the burning string that never works for Wylie E. Coyote, or an electrical protective device for one-time use.
– Harper
Nov 22 at 22:08
Why is no-one still considering the fact that abort codes exist precisely to destroy a missile that either misses or misfires to prevent it from killing people? If it misses, you activate it's abort code and move on (you'd need a hell of a lot of operators for all the missiles assuming each one has a unique code though).
– SSight3
Nov 23 at 11:46
Why is no-one still considering the fact that abort codes exist precisely to destroy a missile that either misses or misfires to prevent it from killing people? If it misses, you activate it's abort code and move on (you'd need a hell of a lot of operators for all the missiles assuming each one has a unique code though).
– SSight3
Nov 23 at 11:46
@SSight3 -- the problem isn't explosions, it's nuclear UXO, and abort codes do zilch for that
– Shalvenay
Nov 23 at 15:24
@SSight3 -- the problem isn't explosions, it's nuclear UXO, and abort codes do zilch for that
– Shalvenay
Nov 23 at 15:24
add a comment |
up vote
6
down vote
There have been a lot of good answers so far, but I will suggest two different possibilities.
Firstly, using nuclear weapons is actually inefficient in space. The explosion is a spherical emission of hard x rays, but with no atmosphere to convert the energy into a shockwave, the energy dissipates according to the square cube law.
Energy dissipating according to the inverse square law
What is needed is a way to focus the energy of a nuclear weapon to power a device or illuminate a target. During the 1950's the ORION nuclear pulse drive did just that, and a refinement known as the CASABA Howitzer theoretically took this even farther. You can read about this here, and taking this to the next level with HEAT type warheads powered by nuclear energy here.
So using a booster to bring a manoeuvrable bus into space to fire directed energy "bolts" or streams of liquid metal moving at about .03 c is likely to get their attention.
Orion Pulse drive units are a good way to visualize what a CASABA howitzer or nuclear HEAT round would look like
Of course this is dependent on being able to launch a booster into orbit and having the bus get close enough to release its payload. Most aliens have seen "Independence Day" on SBO (Space Box Office), so are unlikely to fall for that.
However, if we consider nuclear devices to be compact energy sources, then another approach comes to mind. During an underground nuclear test in the "Plumb Bob" series, one of the massive caps covering the shaft where the underground explosion took place was actually "popped off" by the explosion below. While only a single film frame shows the cap leaving its position, calculations suggested the cap was moving at about 5X Earth's escape velocity. In all likelyhood the cap was vapourized by the intense air friction (it was never found), but a suitably designed "cap" could be launched into space.
Imagine a "silo farm" with physics packages placed at the bottom of each one. The silos are filled with water and a specially designed cap placed on the top of each silo. The detonation of the device turns the water into plasma, coupling the energy of the device more efficiently to the cap, which is shot into space at @ 10X orbital escape velocity. Assuming the silos are placed under the projected orbital path of the spaceship, it will be pelted with objects moving at 78 km/sec. Some of the caps may weigh many tons, and even if they shatter in flight, the effect is a hail of shotgun pellets weighing between grams and multiple hundreds of kilograms. Good luck shielding against that.
And now the reason for all these silos becomes clear....
The knowledge exists, the real question is how much time would it take to convert existing nuclear warheads into the driving packages for either HEAT type warheads or to launch nuclear shotgun rounds at orbiting spacecraft? For that I really have no answer.
add a comment |
up vote
6
down vote
There have been a lot of good answers so far, but I will suggest two different possibilities.
Firstly, using nuclear weapons is actually inefficient in space. The explosion is a spherical emission of hard x rays, but with no atmosphere to convert the energy into a shockwave, the energy dissipates according to the square cube law.
Energy dissipating according to the inverse square law
What is needed is a way to focus the energy of a nuclear weapon to power a device or illuminate a target. During the 1950's the ORION nuclear pulse drive did just that, and a refinement known as the CASABA Howitzer theoretically took this even farther. You can read about this here, and taking this to the next level with HEAT type warheads powered by nuclear energy here.
So using a booster to bring a manoeuvrable bus into space to fire directed energy "bolts" or streams of liquid metal moving at about .03 c is likely to get their attention.
Orion Pulse drive units are a good way to visualize what a CASABA howitzer or nuclear HEAT round would look like
Of course this is dependent on being able to launch a booster into orbit and having the bus get close enough to release its payload. Most aliens have seen "Independence Day" on SBO (Space Box Office), so are unlikely to fall for that.
However, if we consider nuclear devices to be compact energy sources, then another approach comes to mind. During an underground nuclear test in the "Plumb Bob" series, one of the massive caps covering the shaft where the underground explosion took place was actually "popped off" by the explosion below. While only a single film frame shows the cap leaving its position, calculations suggested the cap was moving at about 5X Earth's escape velocity. In all likelyhood the cap was vapourized by the intense air friction (it was never found), but a suitably designed "cap" could be launched into space.
Imagine a "silo farm" with physics packages placed at the bottom of each one. The silos are filled with water and a specially designed cap placed on the top of each silo. The detonation of the device turns the water into plasma, coupling the energy of the device more efficiently to the cap, which is shot into space at @ 10X orbital escape velocity. Assuming the silos are placed under the projected orbital path of the spaceship, it will be pelted with objects moving at 78 km/sec. Some of the caps may weigh many tons, and even if they shatter in flight, the effect is a hail of shotgun pellets weighing between grams and multiple hundreds of kilograms. Good luck shielding against that.
And now the reason for all these silos becomes clear....
The knowledge exists, the real question is how much time would it take to convert existing nuclear warheads into the driving packages for either HEAT type warheads or to launch nuclear shotgun rounds at orbiting spacecraft? For that I really have no answer.
add a comment |
up vote
6
down vote
up vote
6
down vote
There have been a lot of good answers so far, but I will suggest two different possibilities.
Firstly, using nuclear weapons is actually inefficient in space. The explosion is a spherical emission of hard x rays, but with no atmosphere to convert the energy into a shockwave, the energy dissipates according to the square cube law.
Energy dissipating according to the inverse square law
What is needed is a way to focus the energy of a nuclear weapon to power a device or illuminate a target. During the 1950's the ORION nuclear pulse drive did just that, and a refinement known as the CASABA Howitzer theoretically took this even farther. You can read about this here, and taking this to the next level with HEAT type warheads powered by nuclear energy here.
So using a booster to bring a manoeuvrable bus into space to fire directed energy "bolts" or streams of liquid metal moving at about .03 c is likely to get their attention.
Orion Pulse drive units are a good way to visualize what a CASABA howitzer or nuclear HEAT round would look like
Of course this is dependent on being able to launch a booster into orbit and having the bus get close enough to release its payload. Most aliens have seen "Independence Day" on SBO (Space Box Office), so are unlikely to fall for that.
However, if we consider nuclear devices to be compact energy sources, then another approach comes to mind. During an underground nuclear test in the "Plumb Bob" series, one of the massive caps covering the shaft where the underground explosion took place was actually "popped off" by the explosion below. While only a single film frame shows the cap leaving its position, calculations suggested the cap was moving at about 5X Earth's escape velocity. In all likelyhood the cap was vapourized by the intense air friction (it was never found), but a suitably designed "cap" could be launched into space.
Imagine a "silo farm" with physics packages placed at the bottom of each one. The silos are filled with water and a specially designed cap placed on the top of each silo. The detonation of the device turns the water into plasma, coupling the energy of the device more efficiently to the cap, which is shot into space at @ 10X orbital escape velocity. Assuming the silos are placed under the projected orbital path of the spaceship, it will be pelted with objects moving at 78 km/sec. Some of the caps may weigh many tons, and even if they shatter in flight, the effect is a hail of shotgun pellets weighing between grams and multiple hundreds of kilograms. Good luck shielding against that.
And now the reason for all these silos becomes clear....
The knowledge exists, the real question is how much time would it take to convert existing nuclear warheads into the driving packages for either HEAT type warheads or to launch nuclear shotgun rounds at orbiting spacecraft? For that I really have no answer.
There have been a lot of good answers so far, but I will suggest two different possibilities.
Firstly, using nuclear weapons is actually inefficient in space. The explosion is a spherical emission of hard x rays, but with no atmosphere to convert the energy into a shockwave, the energy dissipates according to the square cube law.
Energy dissipating according to the inverse square law
What is needed is a way to focus the energy of a nuclear weapon to power a device or illuminate a target. During the 1950's the ORION nuclear pulse drive did just that, and a refinement known as the CASABA Howitzer theoretically took this even farther. You can read about this here, and taking this to the next level with HEAT type warheads powered by nuclear energy here.
So using a booster to bring a manoeuvrable bus into space to fire directed energy "bolts" or streams of liquid metal moving at about .03 c is likely to get their attention.
Orion Pulse drive units are a good way to visualize what a CASABA howitzer or nuclear HEAT round would look like
Of course this is dependent on being able to launch a booster into orbit and having the bus get close enough to release its payload. Most aliens have seen "Independence Day" on SBO (Space Box Office), so are unlikely to fall for that.
However, if we consider nuclear devices to be compact energy sources, then another approach comes to mind. During an underground nuclear test in the "Plumb Bob" series, one of the massive caps covering the shaft where the underground explosion took place was actually "popped off" by the explosion below. While only a single film frame shows the cap leaving its position, calculations suggested the cap was moving at about 5X Earth's escape velocity. In all likelyhood the cap was vapourized by the intense air friction (it was never found), but a suitably designed "cap" could be launched into space.
Imagine a "silo farm" with physics packages placed at the bottom of each one. The silos are filled with water and a specially designed cap placed on the top of each silo. The detonation of the device turns the water into plasma, coupling the energy of the device more efficiently to the cap, which is shot into space at @ 10X orbital escape velocity. Assuming the silos are placed under the projected orbital path of the spaceship, it will be pelted with objects moving at 78 km/sec. Some of the caps may weigh many tons, and even if they shatter in flight, the effect is a hail of shotgun pellets weighing between grams and multiple hundreds of kilograms. Good luck shielding against that.
And now the reason for all these silos becomes clear....
The knowledge exists, the real question is how much time would it take to convert existing nuclear warheads into the driving packages for either HEAT type warheads or to launch nuclear shotgun rounds at orbiting spacecraft? For that I really have no answer.
edited Nov 22 at 20:48
answered Nov 22 at 4:52
Thucydides
80.6k677238
80.6k677238
add a comment |
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
Retarget an ICBM. This might require a redesign of the Permissive Action Links, and ICBMs are not designed to reach orbit. They do reach orbital altitude, however.- As suggested by Renan, use an existing ASAT. This could be tricky if the ASAT system was designed for kinetic kills, because adding the weight of a nuke would greatly affect performance.
There is an off chance that some country still has a nuclear ASAT in storage. - Put a nuclear demolition charge on top of a satellite launch system or resupply capsule. Craft like the ATV or Dragon are designed to dock with a station, surely they can ram an UFO.
For all of these options, you have to discriminate between "emergency operational capability" and a mature, reliable system. I will go out on a limb and say that IF the US, Russia, or China go into panic mode, they can launch something within a couple of weeks, possibly even within days. That would require a deliberate decision to ignore safety margins and simply go ahead. A 25% chance that the bird will explode on the pad and a 25% chance that it will explode in flight will still leave an over 50% chance to make it into orbit. France, Israel, or India would need a few weeks more. Not sure about the UK.
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
Retarget an ICBM. This might require a redesign of the Permissive Action Links, and ICBMs are not designed to reach orbit. They do reach orbital altitude, however.- As suggested by Renan, use an existing ASAT. This could be tricky if the ASAT system was designed for kinetic kills, because adding the weight of a nuke would greatly affect performance.
There is an off chance that some country still has a nuclear ASAT in storage. - Put a nuclear demolition charge on top of a satellite launch system or resupply capsule. Craft like the ATV or Dragon are designed to dock with a station, surely they can ram an UFO.
For all of these options, you have to discriminate between "emergency operational capability" and a mature, reliable system. I will go out on a limb and say that IF the US, Russia, or China go into panic mode, they can launch something within a couple of weeks, possibly even within days. That would require a deliberate decision to ignore safety margins and simply go ahead. A 25% chance that the bird will explode on the pad and a 25% chance that it will explode in flight will still leave an over 50% chance to make it into orbit. France, Israel, or India would need a few weeks more. Not sure about the UK.
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
up vote
5
down vote
Retarget an ICBM. This might require a redesign of the Permissive Action Links, and ICBMs are not designed to reach orbit. They do reach orbital altitude, however.- As suggested by Renan, use an existing ASAT. This could be tricky if the ASAT system was designed for kinetic kills, because adding the weight of a nuke would greatly affect performance.
There is an off chance that some country still has a nuclear ASAT in storage. - Put a nuclear demolition charge on top of a satellite launch system or resupply capsule. Craft like the ATV or Dragon are designed to dock with a station, surely they can ram an UFO.
For all of these options, you have to discriminate between "emergency operational capability" and a mature, reliable system. I will go out on a limb and say that IF the US, Russia, or China go into panic mode, they can launch something within a couple of weeks, possibly even within days. That would require a deliberate decision to ignore safety margins and simply go ahead. A 25% chance that the bird will explode on the pad and a 25% chance that it will explode in flight will still leave an over 50% chance to make it into orbit. France, Israel, or India would need a few weeks more. Not sure about the UK.
Retarget an ICBM. This might require a redesign of the Permissive Action Links, and ICBMs are not designed to reach orbit. They do reach orbital altitude, however.- As suggested by Renan, use an existing ASAT. This could be tricky if the ASAT system was designed for kinetic kills, because adding the weight of a nuke would greatly affect performance.
There is an off chance that some country still has a nuclear ASAT in storage. - Put a nuclear demolition charge on top of a satellite launch system or resupply capsule. Craft like the ATV or Dragon are designed to dock with a station, surely they can ram an UFO.
For all of these options, you have to discriminate between "emergency operational capability" and a mature, reliable system. I will go out on a limb and say that IF the US, Russia, or China go into panic mode, they can launch something within a couple of weeks, possibly even within days. That would require a deliberate decision to ignore safety margins and simply go ahead. A 25% chance that the bird will explode on the pad and a 25% chance that it will explode in flight will still leave an over 50% chance to make it into orbit. France, Israel, or India would need a few weeks more. Not sure about the UK.
answered Nov 21 at 16:25
o.m.
57.4k682191
57.4k682191
add a comment |
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
ICBMs have been used in the past to launch satellites, so they should be able to put a warhead in orbit as well. Of course safety mechanisms and detonation trigger would have to change a little, but that shouldn't take a long time.
If the enemy ship is orbiting its path is fairly predictable and a sophisticated SAM-style guidance would not be necessary. If the enemy ship can maneuver, the best bet would be un-mothball nuclear ABMs from 1980s (like A-350/ABM-1 Galosh for example), they were already designed to intercept moving targets and were equipped with fairly large nuclear warheads. If they don't have the range the engine can probably be extended or replaced.
As for how long it would take, with such systems normally the testing takes by far the longest time, if you forgo that and just hope for the best you can probably whip something up within weeks, or even days if it's just using stock ICBMs with modified trigger
Fortunately you've got a nice big target up there you can test with. Assuming they'll sit idly by and let you.
– Harper
Nov 21 at 19:55
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
ICBMs have been used in the past to launch satellites, so they should be able to put a warhead in orbit as well. Of course safety mechanisms and detonation trigger would have to change a little, but that shouldn't take a long time.
If the enemy ship is orbiting its path is fairly predictable and a sophisticated SAM-style guidance would not be necessary. If the enemy ship can maneuver, the best bet would be un-mothball nuclear ABMs from 1980s (like A-350/ABM-1 Galosh for example), they were already designed to intercept moving targets and were equipped with fairly large nuclear warheads. If they don't have the range the engine can probably be extended or replaced.
As for how long it would take, with such systems normally the testing takes by far the longest time, if you forgo that and just hope for the best you can probably whip something up within weeks, or even days if it's just using stock ICBMs with modified trigger
Fortunately you've got a nice big target up there you can test with. Assuming they'll sit idly by and let you.
– Harper
Nov 21 at 19:55
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
up vote
3
down vote
ICBMs have been used in the past to launch satellites, so they should be able to put a warhead in orbit as well. Of course safety mechanisms and detonation trigger would have to change a little, but that shouldn't take a long time.
If the enemy ship is orbiting its path is fairly predictable and a sophisticated SAM-style guidance would not be necessary. If the enemy ship can maneuver, the best bet would be un-mothball nuclear ABMs from 1980s (like A-350/ABM-1 Galosh for example), they were already designed to intercept moving targets and were equipped with fairly large nuclear warheads. If they don't have the range the engine can probably be extended or replaced.
As for how long it would take, with such systems normally the testing takes by far the longest time, if you forgo that and just hope for the best you can probably whip something up within weeks, or even days if it's just using stock ICBMs with modified trigger
ICBMs have been used in the past to launch satellites, so they should be able to put a warhead in orbit as well. Of course safety mechanisms and detonation trigger would have to change a little, but that shouldn't take a long time.
If the enemy ship is orbiting its path is fairly predictable and a sophisticated SAM-style guidance would not be necessary. If the enemy ship can maneuver, the best bet would be un-mothball nuclear ABMs from 1980s (like A-350/ABM-1 Galosh for example), they were already designed to intercept moving targets and were equipped with fairly large nuclear warheads. If they don't have the range the engine can probably be extended or replaced.
As for how long it would take, with such systems normally the testing takes by far the longest time, if you forgo that and just hope for the best you can probably whip something up within weeks, or even days if it's just using stock ICBMs with modified trigger
answered Nov 21 at 18:23
Maxim
1,4451620
1,4451620
Fortunately you've got a nice big target up there you can test with. Assuming they'll sit idly by and let you.
– Harper
Nov 21 at 19:55
add a comment |
Fortunately you've got a nice big target up there you can test with. Assuming they'll sit idly by and let you.
– Harper
Nov 21 at 19:55
Fortunately you've got a nice big target up there you can test with. Assuming they'll sit idly by and let you.
– Harper
Nov 21 at 19:55
Fortunately you've got a nice big target up there you can test with. Assuming they'll sit idly by and let you.
– Harper
Nov 21 at 19:55
add a comment |
up vote
2
down vote
Less than an hour.
ICBMs can be retargeted in a few minutes. Possibly even faster these days. The mission profile for a LEO burst most likely exists, because that's what it takes to use nukes as strategic EMP weapons.
The typical orbit insertion accuracy in a LEO mission seems to be a few kilometres these days. Based on that, a single missile would most likely miss, but there would be a good chance to hit the target with multiple launches.
The other options people have mentioned are not so good:
- Using orbital launch vehicles or missiles not designed to carry nuclear warheads would probably take weeks. New physical interfaces would have to be developed and new software would have to be written.
- ASAT missiles and other kinetic impactors would not do it. The maximum relative speed of a LEO impact is around 16 km/s. At that speed, the kinetic energy is 128 MJ/kg, or about 30 times the energy density of TNT. You would need a 30-ton impactor for the energy equivalent of a small 1-kiloton nuclear explosion.
add a comment |
up vote
2
down vote
Less than an hour.
ICBMs can be retargeted in a few minutes. Possibly even faster these days. The mission profile for a LEO burst most likely exists, because that's what it takes to use nukes as strategic EMP weapons.
The typical orbit insertion accuracy in a LEO mission seems to be a few kilometres these days. Based on that, a single missile would most likely miss, but there would be a good chance to hit the target with multiple launches.
The other options people have mentioned are not so good:
- Using orbital launch vehicles or missiles not designed to carry nuclear warheads would probably take weeks. New physical interfaces would have to be developed and new software would have to be written.
- ASAT missiles and other kinetic impactors would not do it. The maximum relative speed of a LEO impact is around 16 km/s. At that speed, the kinetic energy is 128 MJ/kg, or about 30 times the energy density of TNT. You would need a 30-ton impactor for the energy equivalent of a small 1-kiloton nuclear explosion.
add a comment |
up vote
2
down vote
up vote
2
down vote
Less than an hour.
ICBMs can be retargeted in a few minutes. Possibly even faster these days. The mission profile for a LEO burst most likely exists, because that's what it takes to use nukes as strategic EMP weapons.
The typical orbit insertion accuracy in a LEO mission seems to be a few kilometres these days. Based on that, a single missile would most likely miss, but there would be a good chance to hit the target with multiple launches.
The other options people have mentioned are not so good:
- Using orbital launch vehicles or missiles not designed to carry nuclear warheads would probably take weeks. New physical interfaces would have to be developed and new software would have to be written.
- ASAT missiles and other kinetic impactors would not do it. The maximum relative speed of a LEO impact is around 16 km/s. At that speed, the kinetic energy is 128 MJ/kg, or about 30 times the energy density of TNT. You would need a 30-ton impactor for the energy equivalent of a small 1-kiloton nuclear explosion.
Less than an hour.
ICBMs can be retargeted in a few minutes. Possibly even faster these days. The mission profile for a LEO burst most likely exists, because that's what it takes to use nukes as strategic EMP weapons.
The typical orbit insertion accuracy in a LEO mission seems to be a few kilometres these days. Based on that, a single missile would most likely miss, but there would be a good chance to hit the target with multiple launches.
The other options people have mentioned are not so good:
- Using orbital launch vehicles or missiles not designed to carry nuclear warheads would probably take weeks. New physical interfaces would have to be developed and new software would have to be written.
- ASAT missiles and other kinetic impactors would not do it. The maximum relative speed of a LEO impact is around 16 km/s. At that speed, the kinetic energy is 128 MJ/kg, or about 30 times the energy density of TNT. You would need a 30-ton impactor for the energy equivalent of a small 1-kiloton nuclear explosion.
answered Nov 23 at 21:45
Jouni
1212
1212
add a comment |
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
No new technology is needed.
Just run a resupply mission for the international space station, with remote detonation nukes as cargo.
Instead of going to the ISS, go to the alien spacecraft.
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
No new technology is needed.
Just run a resupply mission for the international space station, with remote detonation nukes as cargo.
Instead of going to the ISS, go to the alien spacecraft.
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
up vote
1
down vote
No new technology is needed.
Just run a resupply mission for the international space station, with remote detonation nukes as cargo.
Instead of going to the ISS, go to the alien spacecraft.
No new technology is needed.
Just run a resupply mission for the international space station, with remote detonation nukes as cargo.
Instead of going to the ISS, go to the alien spacecraft.
edited Nov 22 at 12:01
a4android
31.6k342125
31.6k342125
answered Nov 22 at 10:54
user57587
191
191
add a comment |
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
You don't really want a nuke unless you want to use EMP effects on that spaceship.
Nuking the ship is difficult, as nukes cannot be properly set off while colliding with the ship, and every bit of distance redirects more of the blast energy to the empty space.
Yet, having as much mass as possible travelling as fast as possible relative to the target will deliver a lot of concentrated energy to the target without the need for a warhead.
20-ton rocket upper stage colliding with the spaceship at 15000 m/s on opposite direction orbit will deliver about half-kiloton of energy, all concentrated in the point of impact. This has a very high probability to demolish a thing as fragile as a spacecraft.
So what we should do is launch every vehicle able to reach target orbit and try to score a hit on it. This includes nukes, but we might want to replace their warheads with inert mass penetrators beforehand.
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
You don't really want a nuke unless you want to use EMP effects on that spaceship.
Nuking the ship is difficult, as nukes cannot be properly set off while colliding with the ship, and every bit of distance redirects more of the blast energy to the empty space.
Yet, having as much mass as possible travelling as fast as possible relative to the target will deliver a lot of concentrated energy to the target without the need for a warhead.
20-ton rocket upper stage colliding with the spaceship at 15000 m/s on opposite direction orbit will deliver about half-kiloton of energy, all concentrated in the point of impact. This has a very high probability to demolish a thing as fragile as a spacecraft.
So what we should do is launch every vehicle able to reach target orbit and try to score a hit on it. This includes nukes, but we might want to replace their warheads with inert mass penetrators beforehand.
add a comment |
up vote
0
down vote
up vote
0
down vote
You don't really want a nuke unless you want to use EMP effects on that spaceship.
Nuking the ship is difficult, as nukes cannot be properly set off while colliding with the ship, and every bit of distance redirects more of the blast energy to the empty space.
Yet, having as much mass as possible travelling as fast as possible relative to the target will deliver a lot of concentrated energy to the target without the need for a warhead.
20-ton rocket upper stage colliding with the spaceship at 15000 m/s on opposite direction orbit will deliver about half-kiloton of energy, all concentrated in the point of impact. This has a very high probability to demolish a thing as fragile as a spacecraft.
So what we should do is launch every vehicle able to reach target orbit and try to score a hit on it. This includes nukes, but we might want to replace their warheads with inert mass penetrators beforehand.
You don't really want a nuke unless you want to use EMP effects on that spaceship.
Nuking the ship is difficult, as nukes cannot be properly set off while colliding with the ship, and every bit of distance redirects more of the blast energy to the empty space.
Yet, having as much mass as possible travelling as fast as possible relative to the target will deliver a lot of concentrated energy to the target without the need for a warhead.
20-ton rocket upper stage colliding with the spaceship at 15000 m/s on opposite direction orbit will deliver about half-kiloton of energy, all concentrated in the point of impact. This has a very high probability to demolish a thing as fragile as a spacecraft.
So what we should do is launch every vehicle able to reach target orbit and try to score a hit on it. This includes nukes, but we might want to replace their warheads with inert mass penetrators beforehand.
answered Nov 26 at 11:16
Baradzed
101
101
add a comment |
add a comment |
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2
Retrofit a SAM with a nuclear warhead? Or a satellite launching rocket? You wouldn't bother retrofitting an ICBM, just take the warhead off
– nzaman
Nov 21 at 13:07
9
Anyone who can actually answer this... see you at your court-martial.
– Mazura
Nov 21 at 23:24
5
Just consider the consequences for Earth if an object of unknown, but huge for sure mass, having a few km diameter, radioactively contaminated after being nuked enters Earth's atmosphere once torn apart into just a bit smaller pieces. You can probably use those nukes at yourself and get pretty much the same results for Earthlings... In case you haven't seen it, check Chelyabinsk and Tunguska meteors as a reference what much smaller objects can cause. Also dinosaurs didn't die for nothing and we should learn from it.
– Ister
Nov 22 at 9:46
3
@nzaman Good luck getting a SAM into orbit.
– Ian Kemp
Nov 22 at 10:12
4
@Ister If it's torn into little pieces I would safely bet nearly none of them would ever hit the soil. Even if it fell in a single piece its mass and speed are negligible: it's in orbit, so you can count it will fell at less than 7 km/s at start. Being irregularly shaped, probably blunt, I doubt it would retain more than 10% of that speed on impact, and a spaceship is mostly hollow, so its density must be way lower than that of water. Unless you are just below the ship when it touches ground, you're safe, and unless the ship is made out of cobalt, radioactivity is not an issue.
– Rekesoft
Nov 22 at 11:13