How to plot complex functions on the paper by your hand?












4














I want to know the exact method of plotting complex function used by human, computer, and whatever who can do mathematics.
For example how should I plot this : $w = u+iv$ , $z = x+iy$ , $w= f(z)= z^2$
I'm completely confused imagining the complex functions and I want to know how you would imagine such functions and do mathematics with it.
Thanks in advance










share|cite|improve this question
























  • Do you understand that you can't plot functions from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$?
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:47










  • No, you mean it's not possible to plot such function?
    – FreeMind
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:47










  • Yes, it isn't possible to plot such functions in the traditional sense of 'plot'.
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:49










  • you're confused by not precisely defining, what you have and what you want.
    – V-X
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:49






  • 2




    @MrWho You can't plot from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$ for the reason mathematics2x2life gives in his answer. See this link for a different way of plotting functions.
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:53
















4














I want to know the exact method of plotting complex function used by human, computer, and whatever who can do mathematics.
For example how should I plot this : $w = u+iv$ , $z = x+iy$ , $w= f(z)= z^2$
I'm completely confused imagining the complex functions and I want to know how you would imagine such functions and do mathematics with it.
Thanks in advance










share|cite|improve this question
























  • Do you understand that you can't plot functions from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$?
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:47










  • No, you mean it's not possible to plot such function?
    – FreeMind
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:47










  • Yes, it isn't possible to plot such functions in the traditional sense of 'plot'.
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:49










  • you're confused by not precisely defining, what you have and what you want.
    – V-X
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:49






  • 2




    @MrWho You can't plot from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$ for the reason mathematics2x2life gives in his answer. See this link for a different way of plotting functions.
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:53














4












4








4







I want to know the exact method of plotting complex function used by human, computer, and whatever who can do mathematics.
For example how should I plot this : $w = u+iv$ , $z = x+iy$ , $w= f(z)= z^2$
I'm completely confused imagining the complex functions and I want to know how you would imagine such functions and do mathematics with it.
Thanks in advance










share|cite|improve this question















I want to know the exact method of plotting complex function used by human, computer, and whatever who can do mathematics.
For example how should I plot this : $w = u+iv$ , $z = x+iy$ , $w= f(z)= z^2$
I'm completely confused imagining the complex functions and I want to know how you would imagine such functions and do mathematics with it.
Thanks in advance







complex-analysis graphing-functions






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Dec 28 '13 at 19:46









mathematics2x2life

8,04221738




8,04221738










asked Dec 28 '13 at 19:45









FreeMind

9071133




9071133












  • Do you understand that you can't plot functions from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$?
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:47










  • No, you mean it's not possible to plot such function?
    – FreeMind
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:47










  • Yes, it isn't possible to plot such functions in the traditional sense of 'plot'.
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:49










  • you're confused by not precisely defining, what you have and what you want.
    – V-X
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:49






  • 2




    @MrWho You can't plot from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$ for the reason mathematics2x2life gives in his answer. See this link for a different way of plotting functions.
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:53


















  • Do you understand that you can't plot functions from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$?
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:47










  • No, you mean it's not possible to plot such function?
    – FreeMind
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:47










  • Yes, it isn't possible to plot such functions in the traditional sense of 'plot'.
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:49










  • you're confused by not precisely defining, what you have and what you want.
    – V-X
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:49






  • 2




    @MrWho You can't plot from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$ for the reason mathematics2x2life gives in his answer. See this link for a different way of plotting functions.
    – Git Gud
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:53
















Do you understand that you can't plot functions from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$?
– Git Gud
Dec 28 '13 at 19:47




Do you understand that you can't plot functions from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$?
– Git Gud
Dec 28 '13 at 19:47












No, you mean it's not possible to plot such function?
– FreeMind
Dec 28 '13 at 19:47




No, you mean it's not possible to plot such function?
– FreeMind
Dec 28 '13 at 19:47












Yes, it isn't possible to plot such functions in the traditional sense of 'plot'.
– Git Gud
Dec 28 '13 at 19:49




Yes, it isn't possible to plot such functions in the traditional sense of 'plot'.
– Git Gud
Dec 28 '13 at 19:49












you're confused by not precisely defining, what you have and what you want.
– V-X
Dec 28 '13 at 19:49




you're confused by not precisely defining, what you have and what you want.
– V-X
Dec 28 '13 at 19:49




2




2




@MrWho You can't plot from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$ for the reason mathematics2x2life gives in his answer. See this link for a different way of plotting functions.
– Git Gud
Dec 28 '13 at 19:53




@MrWho You can't plot from $mathbb R^2$ to $mathbb R^2$ for the reason mathematics2x2life gives in his answer. See this link for a different way of plotting functions.
– Git Gud
Dec 28 '13 at 19:53










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















4














You don't plot these. To plot them would require $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the inputs and they it would require another $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the outputs, totaling $4$ axes. However, we are unable to plot in $4$-dimensions in our $3$ dimensional world. So we must make a choice: plot the imaginary part of the output or the real part of the output. For example, take the function $f(z)=z^2$. Then we have
$$
f(2+i)=(2+i)^2=4+4i-1=3+4i
$$
We could then plot the imaginary part of the output, $4i$. So this would be the same as plotting the point $(2,1,4)$ in $mathbb{R}^3$.



NOTE. This isn't the only thing we could plot. For example, another common choice is to plot the absolute value of the output. In our example above, we would have $f(2+i)=3+4i$. Then we know that $|3+4i|=sqrt{25}=5$. So we would plot the point $(2,1,5)$. It all depends on the choice of the final variable to plot while the $2$ first axes are almost always the real and imaginary components of the input, respectively.






share|cite|improve this answer























  • What's the problem? Couldn't we plot (2,1,4) in the R^3?!
    – FreeMind
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:55










  • Yes, we could and we do. That's the point. We can plot that but we cannot plot the point $(2,1,3,4)$ which would be needed to properly visualize the output of $f(2+i)$ in my example.
    – mathematics2x2life
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:57










  • Plotting complex function is still hard for me to grasp!
    – FreeMind
    Dec 31 '13 at 21:01






  • 2




    It should be given that it is humanly impossible to do as it needs to be done, as I explained. Moreover, it's not that important in Complex Analysis as even if we do plot, it is a computer program that does the work for us. More important to learn the theory like the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Residue Theorem, Cauchy Integral Formula, etc.
    – mathematics2x2life
    Dec 31 '13 at 23:23










  • However, I want to have geometric imagination of what I'm really doing, if you know any article or something which has explained plotting clearly please let me know.
    – FreeMind
    Jan 1 '14 at 10:31



















2














You can plot such functions! Look at https://people.math.osu.edu/fowler.291/phase/



for instance. The color at a point tells you the phase of the image of that point. To see what the base "phase chart" is, just plot the identity function $z$.



If you wanted phase and modulus info, you could do a 3D plot colored by phase. I did that too using webGL and cannot find it now. Will update this later when I do...






share|cite|improve this answer





























    0














    Like Steven Gubkin says, coloring by phase can give you excellent geometric intuitions. I put together this Python code while I was taking complex analysis, let me know what you think: https://github.com/seaplant3/complex-plotting



    It uses contours (like an elevation map) to show magnitude, I found that was the easiest way to keep everything visible.






    share|cite|improve this answer





















    • While this link may answer the question, it is better to include the essential parts of the answer here and provide the link for reference. Link-only answers can become invalid if the linked page changes. - From Review
      – TheSimpliFire
      Jan 22 at 7:49










    • What 'essential parts of the answer' are missing?
      – seaplant
      Jan 22 at 8:12










    • Your relevant Python code, in case the link changes/goes down.
      – TheSimpliFire
      Jan 22 at 18:51











    Your Answer





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    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes








    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    4














    You don't plot these. To plot them would require $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the inputs and they it would require another $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the outputs, totaling $4$ axes. However, we are unable to plot in $4$-dimensions in our $3$ dimensional world. So we must make a choice: plot the imaginary part of the output or the real part of the output. For example, take the function $f(z)=z^2$. Then we have
    $$
    f(2+i)=(2+i)^2=4+4i-1=3+4i
    $$
    We could then plot the imaginary part of the output, $4i$. So this would be the same as plotting the point $(2,1,4)$ in $mathbb{R}^3$.



    NOTE. This isn't the only thing we could plot. For example, another common choice is to plot the absolute value of the output. In our example above, we would have $f(2+i)=3+4i$. Then we know that $|3+4i|=sqrt{25}=5$. So we would plot the point $(2,1,5)$. It all depends on the choice of the final variable to plot while the $2$ first axes are almost always the real and imaginary components of the input, respectively.






    share|cite|improve this answer























    • What's the problem? Couldn't we plot (2,1,4) in the R^3?!
      – FreeMind
      Dec 28 '13 at 19:55










    • Yes, we could and we do. That's the point. We can plot that but we cannot plot the point $(2,1,3,4)$ which would be needed to properly visualize the output of $f(2+i)$ in my example.
      – mathematics2x2life
      Dec 28 '13 at 19:57










    • Plotting complex function is still hard for me to grasp!
      – FreeMind
      Dec 31 '13 at 21:01






    • 2




      It should be given that it is humanly impossible to do as it needs to be done, as I explained. Moreover, it's not that important in Complex Analysis as even if we do plot, it is a computer program that does the work for us. More important to learn the theory like the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Residue Theorem, Cauchy Integral Formula, etc.
      – mathematics2x2life
      Dec 31 '13 at 23:23










    • However, I want to have geometric imagination of what I'm really doing, if you know any article or something which has explained plotting clearly please let me know.
      – FreeMind
      Jan 1 '14 at 10:31
















    4














    You don't plot these. To plot them would require $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the inputs and they it would require another $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the outputs, totaling $4$ axes. However, we are unable to plot in $4$-dimensions in our $3$ dimensional world. So we must make a choice: plot the imaginary part of the output or the real part of the output. For example, take the function $f(z)=z^2$. Then we have
    $$
    f(2+i)=(2+i)^2=4+4i-1=3+4i
    $$
    We could then plot the imaginary part of the output, $4i$. So this would be the same as plotting the point $(2,1,4)$ in $mathbb{R}^3$.



    NOTE. This isn't the only thing we could plot. For example, another common choice is to plot the absolute value of the output. In our example above, we would have $f(2+i)=3+4i$. Then we know that $|3+4i|=sqrt{25}=5$. So we would plot the point $(2,1,5)$. It all depends on the choice of the final variable to plot while the $2$ first axes are almost always the real and imaginary components of the input, respectively.






    share|cite|improve this answer























    • What's the problem? Couldn't we plot (2,1,4) in the R^3?!
      – FreeMind
      Dec 28 '13 at 19:55










    • Yes, we could and we do. That's the point. We can plot that but we cannot plot the point $(2,1,3,4)$ which would be needed to properly visualize the output of $f(2+i)$ in my example.
      – mathematics2x2life
      Dec 28 '13 at 19:57










    • Plotting complex function is still hard for me to grasp!
      – FreeMind
      Dec 31 '13 at 21:01






    • 2




      It should be given that it is humanly impossible to do as it needs to be done, as I explained. Moreover, it's not that important in Complex Analysis as even if we do plot, it is a computer program that does the work for us. More important to learn the theory like the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Residue Theorem, Cauchy Integral Formula, etc.
      – mathematics2x2life
      Dec 31 '13 at 23:23










    • However, I want to have geometric imagination of what I'm really doing, if you know any article or something which has explained plotting clearly please let me know.
      – FreeMind
      Jan 1 '14 at 10:31














    4












    4








    4






    You don't plot these. To plot them would require $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the inputs and they it would require another $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the outputs, totaling $4$ axes. However, we are unable to plot in $4$-dimensions in our $3$ dimensional world. So we must make a choice: plot the imaginary part of the output or the real part of the output. For example, take the function $f(z)=z^2$. Then we have
    $$
    f(2+i)=(2+i)^2=4+4i-1=3+4i
    $$
    We could then plot the imaginary part of the output, $4i$. So this would be the same as plotting the point $(2,1,4)$ in $mathbb{R}^3$.



    NOTE. This isn't the only thing we could plot. For example, another common choice is to plot the absolute value of the output. In our example above, we would have $f(2+i)=3+4i$. Then we know that $|3+4i|=sqrt{25}=5$. So we would plot the point $(2,1,5)$. It all depends on the choice of the final variable to plot while the $2$ first axes are almost always the real and imaginary components of the input, respectively.






    share|cite|improve this answer














    You don't plot these. To plot them would require $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the inputs and they it would require another $2$ axes to plot the real and imaginary components of the outputs, totaling $4$ axes. However, we are unable to plot in $4$-dimensions in our $3$ dimensional world. So we must make a choice: plot the imaginary part of the output or the real part of the output. For example, take the function $f(z)=z^2$. Then we have
    $$
    f(2+i)=(2+i)^2=4+4i-1=3+4i
    $$
    We could then plot the imaginary part of the output, $4i$. So this would be the same as plotting the point $(2,1,4)$ in $mathbb{R}^3$.



    NOTE. This isn't the only thing we could plot. For example, another common choice is to plot the absolute value of the output. In our example above, we would have $f(2+i)=3+4i$. Then we know that $|3+4i|=sqrt{25}=5$. So we would plot the point $(2,1,5)$. It all depends on the choice of the final variable to plot while the $2$ first axes are almost always the real and imaginary components of the input, respectively.







    share|cite|improve this answer














    share|cite|improve this answer



    share|cite|improve this answer








    edited Dec 28 '13 at 19:56

























    answered Dec 28 '13 at 19:50









    mathematics2x2life

    8,04221738




    8,04221738












    • What's the problem? Couldn't we plot (2,1,4) in the R^3?!
      – FreeMind
      Dec 28 '13 at 19:55










    • Yes, we could and we do. That's the point. We can plot that but we cannot plot the point $(2,1,3,4)$ which would be needed to properly visualize the output of $f(2+i)$ in my example.
      – mathematics2x2life
      Dec 28 '13 at 19:57










    • Plotting complex function is still hard for me to grasp!
      – FreeMind
      Dec 31 '13 at 21:01






    • 2




      It should be given that it is humanly impossible to do as it needs to be done, as I explained. Moreover, it's not that important in Complex Analysis as even if we do plot, it is a computer program that does the work for us. More important to learn the theory like the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Residue Theorem, Cauchy Integral Formula, etc.
      – mathematics2x2life
      Dec 31 '13 at 23:23










    • However, I want to have geometric imagination of what I'm really doing, if you know any article or something which has explained plotting clearly please let me know.
      – FreeMind
      Jan 1 '14 at 10:31


















    • What's the problem? Couldn't we plot (2,1,4) in the R^3?!
      – FreeMind
      Dec 28 '13 at 19:55










    • Yes, we could and we do. That's the point. We can plot that but we cannot plot the point $(2,1,3,4)$ which would be needed to properly visualize the output of $f(2+i)$ in my example.
      – mathematics2x2life
      Dec 28 '13 at 19:57










    • Plotting complex function is still hard for me to grasp!
      – FreeMind
      Dec 31 '13 at 21:01






    • 2




      It should be given that it is humanly impossible to do as it needs to be done, as I explained. Moreover, it's not that important in Complex Analysis as even if we do plot, it is a computer program that does the work for us. More important to learn the theory like the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Residue Theorem, Cauchy Integral Formula, etc.
      – mathematics2x2life
      Dec 31 '13 at 23:23










    • However, I want to have geometric imagination of what I'm really doing, if you know any article or something which has explained plotting clearly please let me know.
      – FreeMind
      Jan 1 '14 at 10:31
















    What's the problem? Couldn't we plot (2,1,4) in the R^3?!
    – FreeMind
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:55




    What's the problem? Couldn't we plot (2,1,4) in the R^3?!
    – FreeMind
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:55












    Yes, we could and we do. That's the point. We can plot that but we cannot plot the point $(2,1,3,4)$ which would be needed to properly visualize the output of $f(2+i)$ in my example.
    – mathematics2x2life
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:57




    Yes, we could and we do. That's the point. We can plot that but we cannot plot the point $(2,1,3,4)$ which would be needed to properly visualize the output of $f(2+i)$ in my example.
    – mathematics2x2life
    Dec 28 '13 at 19:57












    Plotting complex function is still hard for me to grasp!
    – FreeMind
    Dec 31 '13 at 21:01




    Plotting complex function is still hard for me to grasp!
    – FreeMind
    Dec 31 '13 at 21:01




    2




    2




    It should be given that it is humanly impossible to do as it needs to be done, as I explained. Moreover, it's not that important in Complex Analysis as even if we do plot, it is a computer program that does the work for us. More important to learn the theory like the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Residue Theorem, Cauchy Integral Formula, etc.
    – mathematics2x2life
    Dec 31 '13 at 23:23




    It should be given that it is humanly impossible to do as it needs to be done, as I explained. Moreover, it's not that important in Complex Analysis as even if we do plot, it is a computer program that does the work for us. More important to learn the theory like the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, Residue Theorem, Cauchy Integral Formula, etc.
    – mathematics2x2life
    Dec 31 '13 at 23:23












    However, I want to have geometric imagination of what I'm really doing, if you know any article or something which has explained plotting clearly please let me know.
    – FreeMind
    Jan 1 '14 at 10:31




    However, I want to have geometric imagination of what I'm really doing, if you know any article or something which has explained plotting clearly please let me know.
    – FreeMind
    Jan 1 '14 at 10:31











    2














    You can plot such functions! Look at https://people.math.osu.edu/fowler.291/phase/



    for instance. The color at a point tells you the phase of the image of that point. To see what the base "phase chart" is, just plot the identity function $z$.



    If you wanted phase and modulus info, you could do a 3D plot colored by phase. I did that too using webGL and cannot find it now. Will update this later when I do...






    share|cite|improve this answer


























      2














      You can plot such functions! Look at https://people.math.osu.edu/fowler.291/phase/



      for instance. The color at a point tells you the phase of the image of that point. To see what the base "phase chart" is, just plot the identity function $z$.



      If you wanted phase and modulus info, you could do a 3D plot colored by phase. I did that too using webGL and cannot find it now. Will update this later when I do...






      share|cite|improve this answer
























        2












        2








        2






        You can plot such functions! Look at https://people.math.osu.edu/fowler.291/phase/



        for instance. The color at a point tells you the phase of the image of that point. To see what the base "phase chart" is, just plot the identity function $z$.



        If you wanted phase and modulus info, you could do a 3D plot colored by phase. I did that too using webGL and cannot find it now. Will update this later when I do...






        share|cite|improve this answer












        You can plot such functions! Look at https://people.math.osu.edu/fowler.291/phase/



        for instance. The color at a point tells you the phase of the image of that point. To see what the base "phase chart" is, just plot the identity function $z$.



        If you wanted phase and modulus info, you could do a 3D plot colored by phase. I did that too using webGL and cannot find it now. Will update this later when I do...







        share|cite|improve this answer












        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer










        answered Dec 28 '13 at 20:08









        Steven Gubkin

        5,5741531




        5,5741531























            0














            Like Steven Gubkin says, coloring by phase can give you excellent geometric intuitions. I put together this Python code while I was taking complex analysis, let me know what you think: https://github.com/seaplant3/complex-plotting



            It uses contours (like an elevation map) to show magnitude, I found that was the easiest way to keep everything visible.






            share|cite|improve this answer





















            • While this link may answer the question, it is better to include the essential parts of the answer here and provide the link for reference. Link-only answers can become invalid if the linked page changes. - From Review
              – TheSimpliFire
              Jan 22 at 7:49










            • What 'essential parts of the answer' are missing?
              – seaplant
              Jan 22 at 8:12










            • Your relevant Python code, in case the link changes/goes down.
              – TheSimpliFire
              Jan 22 at 18:51
















            0














            Like Steven Gubkin says, coloring by phase can give you excellent geometric intuitions. I put together this Python code while I was taking complex analysis, let me know what you think: https://github.com/seaplant3/complex-plotting



            It uses contours (like an elevation map) to show magnitude, I found that was the easiest way to keep everything visible.






            share|cite|improve this answer





















            • While this link may answer the question, it is better to include the essential parts of the answer here and provide the link for reference. Link-only answers can become invalid if the linked page changes. - From Review
              – TheSimpliFire
              Jan 22 at 7:49










            • What 'essential parts of the answer' are missing?
              – seaplant
              Jan 22 at 8:12










            • Your relevant Python code, in case the link changes/goes down.
              – TheSimpliFire
              Jan 22 at 18:51














            0












            0








            0






            Like Steven Gubkin says, coloring by phase can give you excellent geometric intuitions. I put together this Python code while I was taking complex analysis, let me know what you think: https://github.com/seaplant3/complex-plotting



            It uses contours (like an elevation map) to show magnitude, I found that was the easiest way to keep everything visible.






            share|cite|improve this answer












            Like Steven Gubkin says, coloring by phase can give you excellent geometric intuitions. I put together this Python code while I was taking complex analysis, let me know what you think: https://github.com/seaplant3/complex-plotting



            It uses contours (like an elevation map) to show magnitude, I found that was the easiest way to keep everything visible.







            share|cite|improve this answer












            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer










            answered Jan 22 at 7:03









            seaplant

            92




            92












            • While this link may answer the question, it is better to include the essential parts of the answer here and provide the link for reference. Link-only answers can become invalid if the linked page changes. - From Review
              – TheSimpliFire
              Jan 22 at 7:49










            • What 'essential parts of the answer' are missing?
              – seaplant
              Jan 22 at 8:12










            • Your relevant Python code, in case the link changes/goes down.
              – TheSimpliFire
              Jan 22 at 18:51


















            • While this link may answer the question, it is better to include the essential parts of the answer here and provide the link for reference. Link-only answers can become invalid if the linked page changes. - From Review
              – TheSimpliFire
              Jan 22 at 7:49










            • What 'essential parts of the answer' are missing?
              – seaplant
              Jan 22 at 8:12










            • Your relevant Python code, in case the link changes/goes down.
              – TheSimpliFire
              Jan 22 at 18:51
















            While this link may answer the question, it is better to include the essential parts of the answer here and provide the link for reference. Link-only answers can become invalid if the linked page changes. - From Review
            – TheSimpliFire
            Jan 22 at 7:49




            While this link may answer the question, it is better to include the essential parts of the answer here and provide the link for reference. Link-only answers can become invalid if the linked page changes. - From Review
            – TheSimpliFire
            Jan 22 at 7:49












            What 'essential parts of the answer' are missing?
            – seaplant
            Jan 22 at 8:12




            What 'essential parts of the answer' are missing?
            – seaplant
            Jan 22 at 8:12












            Your relevant Python code, in case the link changes/goes down.
            – TheSimpliFire
            Jan 22 at 18:51




            Your relevant Python code, in case the link changes/goes down.
            – TheSimpliFire
            Jan 22 at 18:51


















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