Krdytkyu

Problem Statement: FOXLINGS

It’s Christmas time in the forest, and both the Fox and the Wolf
families are celebrating. The rather large Fox family consists of two
parents as well as $N$ ($1 leq N leq 10^9$) little Foxlings. The
parents have decided to give their children a special treat this year
– crackers! After all, it’s a well-known fact that Foxen love
crackers.

With such a big family, the parents can’t afford that many crackers.
As such, they wish to minimize how many they give out, but still
insure that each Foxling gets at least a bit. The parents can only
give out entire crackers, which can then be divided and passed around.

With this many children, not all of them know one another all that
well. The Foxlings have names, of course, but their parents are
computer scientists, so they have also conveniently numbered them from
$1$ to $N$. There are $M$ ($1 leq M leq 10^5$) unique two-way
friendships among the Foxlings, where relationship $i$ is described by
the distinct integers $A_i$ and $B_i$ ($1 leq A_i,B_i leq N$),
indicating that Foxling $A_i$ is friends with Foxling $B_i$, and vice
versa. When a Foxling is given a cracker, he can use his tail to
precisely split it into as many pieces as he wants (the tails of Foxen
have many fascinating uses). He can then pass these pieces around to
his friends, who can repeat this process themselves.

Input

Line 1: 2 integers, $N$ and $M$

Next $M$ lines: 2 integers, $A_i$ and $B_i$, for $i=1ldots M$

Output

A single integer – the minimum number crackers must be given out, such
that each Foxling ends up with at least a small part of a cracker.

From the question I attempted with disjoint sets. I applied union by size along with path compression. But the constraints are very high and I could not think how to optimize this further. Offcourse I am getting TLE with solution upon submitting. So can anyone tell me any trick or idea regarding optimization?

public static void main(String argh) throws Exception{

        // BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        Reader br= new Reader();

        int n= br.nextInt();

        int m= br.nextInt();

        int dj= new int[n+1];

        int size= new int[n+1];

        for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){

            dj[i]= i;

            size[i]= 1;

        }

        HashMap<Integer, Integer> map= new HashMap<>();

        int count=0;

        for(int i=0; i<m; i++){

            int n1= br.nextInt();

            int n2= br.nextInt();

            union(dj, size, n1, n2);

        }



        for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){

            findParent(dj, i);

        }



        for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){

            if(!map.containsKey(dj[i])){

                count++;

                map.put(dj[i], 1);

            }

        }



        System.out.println(count);

    }



    private static int findParent(int arr, int pos){

        if(arr[pos] == pos) return pos;

        return arr[pos]= findParent(arr, arr[pos]);

    }



    private static void union(int arr, int size, int pos1, int pos2){

        int posP1= findParent(arr, pos1);

        int posP2= findParent(arr, pos2);



        if(posP1 != posP2){

            if(size[posP1] < size[posP2]){

                int temp= posP1;

                posP1= posP2;

                posP2= temp;

            }

            arr[posP2]= posP1;

            size[posP1] += size[posP2];

        }

    }

Note: Reader is just another fast inputting

for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){

    findParent(dj, i);

}



for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){

    if(!map.containsKey(dj[i])){

       count++;

        map.put(dj[i], 1);

    }

}

This part is slow and unnecessary - you can count how many times you did union instead.

 int dj= new int[n+1];

With 10^9 limit for N, only that line requires 4GB of RAM, when limit for task is 1.5GB. Use HashMap instead and store only unioned ids - there will be at most 2*M of those.