Krdytkyu

So there was a question on a past exam paper of a test I have recently taken and despite the test being over I feel the need to know the answer. I am a physics major and the test was a generic test on problems similar to the GRE in the States but with more involved questions.

The question asked;
Are there any two transitions in a hydrogen atom which will emit the same wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. (Ignore any degeneracy in l and s etc.)

My Thoughts;

Now I know that for hydrogen energy levels;
$$ E_n = frac{c}{n^2} $$
Where c is some constant and n is the principle quantum number.

Thus the energy for a transition from level $n$ to level $m$ $(n>m)$ is given by
$$ E_{n-m} = cbigg(frac{1}{n^2}-frac{1}{m^2}bigg)$$
So the question may be reduced to finding any integer solutions $(m, n, p, q in N)$ to
$$ bigg(frac{1}{n^2}-frac{1}{m^2}bigg) = bigg(frac{1}{p^2}-frac{1}{q^2}bigg) $$
My intuition for the answer has oscillated. I am currently of the opinion it's not possible but could be wrong. I have attempted this a few ways. One way was to multiply across by $n^2m^2p^2q^2$ and gather on one side.

$$ m^2 p^2 q^2 - n^2 p^2 q^2 - n^2 m^2 q^2 + n^2 m^2 p^2 $$

Then I tried to prove that this couldn't be equal to 0. As it was always positive or negative. One I also notes was that if we say for the trasition to be uniques. $ n > p > m > n $. If this was not true then one trasition would be greater than the other. If this question can be solved a differnent way Id like to know but I'd also be interested in how to prove the above identity regardless.

Apologies if Ive missed something obvious.

Above equation shown below:

$m^2 p^2 q^2 - n^2 p^2 q^2 - n^2 m^2 q^2 + n^2 m^2 p^2=0$

Above is equivalent to:

$ (m^2 p^2 q^2) +(n^2 m^2 p^2)
= (n^2 p^2 q^2) + (n^2 m^2 q^2)$

Or

$(mpq)^2+(nmp)^2=(npq)^2+(nmq)^2$ -------(A)

The above can be replaced by:

$(ac+bd)^2+(ad-bc)^2=(ac-bd)^2+(ad+bc)^2$ -------(B)

For equation (A) solution given by (User 14717) is (m,n,p,q)=(90,6,5,9)

Hence the solution for equation (B) is: (a,b,c,d)= (2,1,1080,1890)

But equation (B) has the condition:

$c^2(12a^2+b^2)=d^2(a^2+12b^2)$ -------(C)

Hence any new numerical solution to equation (C) will give new solution to Equation (A)

I wrote a little Python program to find them:

#!/usr/bin/env python3



max_n = 200

for n in range(1, max_n):

    for m in range(n+1, max_n):

        for p in range(1, n):

            for q in range(p+1, m):

                if m*m*p*p*q*q +n*n*m*m*p*p == n*n*p*p*q*q + n*n*m*m*q*q:

                    print(f"Coincident spectral line for m={m}, n={n}, p={p}, q={q}")

Definitely not unique!

Coincident spectral line for m=90, n=6, p=5, q=9

Coincident spectral line for m=35, n=7, p=5, q=7

Coincident spectral line for m=56, n=8, p=7, q=14

Coincident spectral line for m=72, n=8, p=6, q=9

Coincident spectral line for m=72, n=9, p=6, q=8