normal distribution - area under the curve [closed]












-1












$begingroup$


The area (in percentage) under standard normal distribution curve of random variable Z within limits from -3 to 3 is ____.



Please provide some hints on how to solve this problem.










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$endgroup$



closed as off-topic by Kavi Rama Murthy, Did, Davide Giraudo, Brahadeesh, Adrian Keister Dec 21 '18 at 14:45


This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


  • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – Kavi Rama Murthy, Did, Davide Giraudo, Brahadeesh, Adrian Keister

If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.





















    -1












    $begingroup$


    The area (in percentage) under standard normal distribution curve of random variable Z within limits from -3 to 3 is ____.



    Please provide some hints on how to solve this problem.










    share|cite|improve this question









    $endgroup$



    closed as off-topic by Kavi Rama Murthy, Did, Davide Giraudo, Brahadeesh, Adrian Keister Dec 21 '18 at 14:45


    This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


    • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – Kavi Rama Murthy, Did, Davide Giraudo, Brahadeesh, Adrian Keister

    If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.



















      -1












      -1








      -1





      $begingroup$


      The area (in percentage) under standard normal distribution curve of random variable Z within limits from -3 to 3 is ____.



      Please provide some hints on how to solve this problem.










      share|cite|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      The area (in percentage) under standard normal distribution curve of random variable Z within limits from -3 to 3 is ____.



      Please provide some hints on how to solve this problem.







      probability normal-distribution






      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question











      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question










      asked Dec 21 '18 at 9:26









      swapnilswapnil

      335




      335




      closed as off-topic by Kavi Rama Murthy, Did, Davide Giraudo, Brahadeesh, Adrian Keister Dec 21 '18 at 14:45


      This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


      • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – Kavi Rama Murthy, Did, Davide Giraudo, Brahadeesh, Adrian Keister

      If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.







      closed as off-topic by Kavi Rama Murthy, Did, Davide Giraudo, Brahadeesh, Adrian Keister Dec 21 '18 at 14:45


      This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:


      • "This question is missing context or other details: Please provide additional context, which ideally explains why the question is relevant to you and our community. Some forms of context include: background and motivation, relevant definitions, source, possible strategies, your current progress, why the question is interesting or important, etc." – Kavi Rama Murthy, Did, Davide Giraudo, Brahadeesh, Adrian Keister

      If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.






















          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          1












          $begingroup$

          You can look up the probability density for z-values between -3 and +3.In the attached snapshots you can see that the P(0<z<3)=0.4987. Since the standard normal distribution is symmetrical, P(-3<z<0)=0.4987 also. Your question is the probability density in between z-values -3 and +3. In other words, P(-3<z<+3), which is the sum of the two densities I highlighted earlier i.e. P(-3<z<+3)=P(-3<z<0)+P(0<z<3)=0.9974



          Density table pic 1



          Density table pic 2






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Sorry about my earlier response.
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:10










          • $begingroup$
            One more thing. In a standard normal distribution, almost all the density - that is 99% something - is contained within z-values -3 and +3. So 99% is a rough estimate of the probability for z-values in between -3 and +3
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:13










          • $begingroup$
            Thanks for those pics got it.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:33



















          0












          $begingroup$

          Hint: the area satisfying $zle a$ is $Phi(a)$, where $Phi$ is the $N(0,,1)$ cdf. So what's the area satisfying $ale zle b$?






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Okay. I got the concept, but how to solve a≤z≤b this part. do I have to use integration from -3 to 3 to f(x) where f(x) is 1/sqrt(2*pi)*e^(-x^2/2).
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:43










          • $begingroup$
            @swapnil That's the integral you need. You'll probably obtain it from a resource that can compute $Phi$. Can you express the value you want in terms of two values of $Phi$?
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:47










          • $begingroup$
            As you mentioned a resource, I saw one graph of standard deviation it took values from -3 to 3 having percentage = 2.14+13.59+34.13+34.13+13.59+2.14 = 99.72
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:54










          • $begingroup$
            but I don't know in exam whether they will provide something like this, so is there any other way of doing it. i.e. calculating graph under the curve from 0 to 3 then I will just double it to get required answer.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:57










          • $begingroup$
            @swapril You should research what's provided in your exam, but you'll likely receive a table of values of $Phi(z)$ for positive values of $z$, which is enough because of the identity $Phi(-z)=1-Phi(z)$. The case $a=-b$ gives $Phi(b)-Phi(a)=2Phi(b)-1$.
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:32



















          0












          $begingroup$

          It is $$A={1over sqrt {2pi}}int_{-3}^3 e^{-x^2over 2}dx$$which can only be calculated numerically using Q-function as follows $$A=Q(-3)-Q(3)=1-2Q(3)approx 99.74%$$






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Thank you I will learn more about Q functions.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:39










          • $begingroup$
            You're welcome. Good luck!
            $endgroup$
            – Mostafa Ayaz
            Dec 23 '18 at 11:31


















          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes








          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          1












          $begingroup$

          You can look up the probability density for z-values between -3 and +3.In the attached snapshots you can see that the P(0<z<3)=0.4987. Since the standard normal distribution is symmetrical, P(-3<z<0)=0.4987 also. Your question is the probability density in between z-values -3 and +3. In other words, P(-3<z<+3), which is the sum of the two densities I highlighted earlier i.e. P(-3<z<+3)=P(-3<z<0)+P(0<z<3)=0.9974



          Density table pic 1



          Density table pic 2






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Sorry about my earlier response.
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:10










          • $begingroup$
            One more thing. In a standard normal distribution, almost all the density - that is 99% something - is contained within z-values -3 and +3. So 99% is a rough estimate of the probability for z-values in between -3 and +3
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:13










          • $begingroup$
            Thanks for those pics got it.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:33
















          1












          $begingroup$

          You can look up the probability density for z-values between -3 and +3.In the attached snapshots you can see that the P(0<z<3)=0.4987. Since the standard normal distribution is symmetrical, P(-3<z<0)=0.4987 also. Your question is the probability density in between z-values -3 and +3. In other words, P(-3<z<+3), which is the sum of the two densities I highlighted earlier i.e. P(-3<z<+3)=P(-3<z<0)+P(0<z<3)=0.9974



          Density table pic 1



          Density table pic 2






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Sorry about my earlier response.
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:10










          • $begingroup$
            One more thing. In a standard normal distribution, almost all the density - that is 99% something - is contained within z-values -3 and +3. So 99% is a rough estimate of the probability for z-values in between -3 and +3
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:13










          • $begingroup$
            Thanks for those pics got it.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:33














          1












          1








          1





          $begingroup$

          You can look up the probability density for z-values between -3 and +3.In the attached snapshots you can see that the P(0<z<3)=0.4987. Since the standard normal distribution is symmetrical, P(-3<z<0)=0.4987 also. Your question is the probability density in between z-values -3 and +3. In other words, P(-3<z<+3), which is the sum of the two densities I highlighted earlier i.e. P(-3<z<+3)=P(-3<z<0)+P(0<z<3)=0.9974



          Density table pic 1



          Density table pic 2






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          You can look up the probability density for z-values between -3 and +3.In the attached snapshots you can see that the P(0<z<3)=0.4987. Since the standard normal distribution is symmetrical, P(-3<z<0)=0.4987 also. Your question is the probability density in between z-values -3 and +3. In other words, P(-3<z<+3), which is the sum of the two densities I highlighted earlier i.e. P(-3<z<+3)=P(-3<z<0)+P(0<z<3)=0.9974



          Density table pic 1



          Density table pic 2







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Dec 21 '18 at 10:09

























          answered Dec 21 '18 at 9:54









          IndulaIndula

          506




          506












          • $begingroup$
            Sorry about my earlier response.
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:10










          • $begingroup$
            One more thing. In a standard normal distribution, almost all the density - that is 99% something - is contained within z-values -3 and +3. So 99% is a rough estimate of the probability for z-values in between -3 and +3
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:13










          • $begingroup$
            Thanks for those pics got it.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:33


















          • $begingroup$
            Sorry about my earlier response.
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:10










          • $begingroup$
            One more thing. In a standard normal distribution, almost all the density - that is 99% something - is contained within z-values -3 and +3. So 99% is a rough estimate of the probability for z-values in between -3 and +3
            $endgroup$
            – Indula
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:13










          • $begingroup$
            Thanks for those pics got it.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:33
















          $begingroup$
          Sorry about my earlier response.
          $endgroup$
          – Indula
          Dec 21 '18 at 10:10




          $begingroup$
          Sorry about my earlier response.
          $endgroup$
          – Indula
          Dec 21 '18 at 10:10












          $begingroup$
          One more thing. In a standard normal distribution, almost all the density - that is 99% something - is contained within z-values -3 and +3. So 99% is a rough estimate of the probability for z-values in between -3 and +3
          $endgroup$
          – Indula
          Dec 21 '18 at 10:13




          $begingroup$
          One more thing. In a standard normal distribution, almost all the density - that is 99% something - is contained within z-values -3 and +3. So 99% is a rough estimate of the probability for z-values in between -3 and +3
          $endgroup$
          – Indula
          Dec 21 '18 at 10:13












          $begingroup$
          Thanks for those pics got it.
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 17:33




          $begingroup$
          Thanks for those pics got it.
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 17:33











          0












          $begingroup$

          Hint: the area satisfying $zle a$ is $Phi(a)$, where $Phi$ is the $N(0,,1)$ cdf. So what's the area satisfying $ale zle b$?






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Okay. I got the concept, but how to solve a≤z≤b this part. do I have to use integration from -3 to 3 to f(x) where f(x) is 1/sqrt(2*pi)*e^(-x^2/2).
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:43










          • $begingroup$
            @swapnil That's the integral you need. You'll probably obtain it from a resource that can compute $Phi$. Can you express the value you want in terms of two values of $Phi$?
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:47










          • $begingroup$
            As you mentioned a resource, I saw one graph of standard deviation it took values from -3 to 3 having percentage = 2.14+13.59+34.13+34.13+13.59+2.14 = 99.72
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:54










          • $begingroup$
            but I don't know in exam whether they will provide something like this, so is there any other way of doing it. i.e. calculating graph under the curve from 0 to 3 then I will just double it to get required answer.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:57










          • $begingroup$
            @swapril You should research what's provided in your exam, but you'll likely receive a table of values of $Phi(z)$ for positive values of $z$, which is enough because of the identity $Phi(-z)=1-Phi(z)$. The case $a=-b$ gives $Phi(b)-Phi(a)=2Phi(b)-1$.
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:32
















          0












          $begingroup$

          Hint: the area satisfying $zle a$ is $Phi(a)$, where $Phi$ is the $N(0,,1)$ cdf. So what's the area satisfying $ale zle b$?






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Okay. I got the concept, but how to solve a≤z≤b this part. do I have to use integration from -3 to 3 to f(x) where f(x) is 1/sqrt(2*pi)*e^(-x^2/2).
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:43










          • $begingroup$
            @swapnil That's the integral you need. You'll probably obtain it from a resource that can compute $Phi$. Can you express the value you want in terms of two values of $Phi$?
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:47










          • $begingroup$
            As you mentioned a resource, I saw one graph of standard deviation it took values from -3 to 3 having percentage = 2.14+13.59+34.13+34.13+13.59+2.14 = 99.72
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:54










          • $begingroup$
            but I don't know in exam whether they will provide something like this, so is there any other way of doing it. i.e. calculating graph under the curve from 0 to 3 then I will just double it to get required answer.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:57










          • $begingroup$
            @swapril You should research what's provided in your exam, but you'll likely receive a table of values of $Phi(z)$ for positive values of $z$, which is enough because of the identity $Phi(-z)=1-Phi(z)$. The case $a=-b$ gives $Phi(b)-Phi(a)=2Phi(b)-1$.
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:32














          0












          0








          0





          $begingroup$

          Hint: the area satisfying $zle a$ is $Phi(a)$, where $Phi$ is the $N(0,,1)$ cdf. So what's the area satisfying $ale zle b$?






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          Hint: the area satisfying $zle a$ is $Phi(a)$, where $Phi$ is the $N(0,,1)$ cdf. So what's the area satisfying $ale zle b$?







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered Dec 21 '18 at 9:30









          J.G.J.G.

          27.1k22843




          27.1k22843












          • $begingroup$
            Okay. I got the concept, but how to solve a≤z≤b this part. do I have to use integration from -3 to 3 to f(x) where f(x) is 1/sqrt(2*pi)*e^(-x^2/2).
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:43










          • $begingroup$
            @swapnil That's the integral you need. You'll probably obtain it from a resource that can compute $Phi$. Can you express the value you want in terms of two values of $Phi$?
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:47










          • $begingroup$
            As you mentioned a resource, I saw one graph of standard deviation it took values from -3 to 3 having percentage = 2.14+13.59+34.13+34.13+13.59+2.14 = 99.72
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:54










          • $begingroup$
            but I don't know in exam whether they will provide something like this, so is there any other way of doing it. i.e. calculating graph under the curve from 0 to 3 then I will just double it to get required answer.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:57










          • $begingroup$
            @swapril You should research what's provided in your exam, but you'll likely receive a table of values of $Phi(z)$ for positive values of $z$, which is enough because of the identity $Phi(-z)=1-Phi(z)$. The case $a=-b$ gives $Phi(b)-Phi(a)=2Phi(b)-1$.
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:32


















          • $begingroup$
            Okay. I got the concept, but how to solve a≤z≤b this part. do I have to use integration from -3 to 3 to f(x) where f(x) is 1/sqrt(2*pi)*e^(-x^2/2).
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:43










          • $begingroup$
            @swapnil That's the integral you need. You'll probably obtain it from a resource that can compute $Phi$. Can you express the value you want in terms of two values of $Phi$?
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:47










          • $begingroup$
            As you mentioned a resource, I saw one graph of standard deviation it took values from -3 to 3 having percentage = 2.14+13.59+34.13+34.13+13.59+2.14 = 99.72
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:54










          • $begingroup$
            but I don't know in exam whether they will provide something like this, so is there any other way of doing it. i.e. calculating graph under the curve from 0 to 3 then I will just double it to get required answer.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 9:57










          • $begingroup$
            @swapril You should research what's provided in your exam, but you'll likely receive a table of values of $Phi(z)$ for positive values of $z$, which is enough because of the identity $Phi(-z)=1-Phi(z)$. The case $a=-b$ gives $Phi(b)-Phi(a)=2Phi(b)-1$.
            $endgroup$
            – J.G.
            Dec 21 '18 at 10:32
















          $begingroup$
          Okay. I got the concept, but how to solve a≤z≤b this part. do I have to use integration from -3 to 3 to f(x) where f(x) is 1/sqrt(2*pi)*e^(-x^2/2).
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 9:43




          $begingroup$
          Okay. I got the concept, but how to solve a≤z≤b this part. do I have to use integration from -3 to 3 to f(x) where f(x) is 1/sqrt(2*pi)*e^(-x^2/2).
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 9:43












          $begingroup$
          @swapnil That's the integral you need. You'll probably obtain it from a resource that can compute $Phi$. Can you express the value you want in terms of two values of $Phi$?
          $endgroup$
          – J.G.
          Dec 21 '18 at 9:47




          $begingroup$
          @swapnil That's the integral you need. You'll probably obtain it from a resource that can compute $Phi$. Can you express the value you want in terms of two values of $Phi$?
          $endgroup$
          – J.G.
          Dec 21 '18 at 9:47












          $begingroup$
          As you mentioned a resource, I saw one graph of standard deviation it took values from -3 to 3 having percentage = 2.14+13.59+34.13+34.13+13.59+2.14 = 99.72
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 9:54




          $begingroup$
          As you mentioned a resource, I saw one graph of standard deviation it took values from -3 to 3 having percentage = 2.14+13.59+34.13+34.13+13.59+2.14 = 99.72
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 9:54












          $begingroup$
          but I don't know in exam whether they will provide something like this, so is there any other way of doing it. i.e. calculating graph under the curve from 0 to 3 then I will just double it to get required answer.
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 9:57




          $begingroup$
          but I don't know in exam whether they will provide something like this, so is there any other way of doing it. i.e. calculating graph under the curve from 0 to 3 then I will just double it to get required answer.
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 9:57












          $begingroup$
          @swapril You should research what's provided in your exam, but you'll likely receive a table of values of $Phi(z)$ for positive values of $z$, which is enough because of the identity $Phi(-z)=1-Phi(z)$. The case $a=-b$ gives $Phi(b)-Phi(a)=2Phi(b)-1$.
          $endgroup$
          – J.G.
          Dec 21 '18 at 10:32




          $begingroup$
          @swapril You should research what's provided in your exam, but you'll likely receive a table of values of $Phi(z)$ for positive values of $z$, which is enough because of the identity $Phi(-z)=1-Phi(z)$. The case $a=-b$ gives $Phi(b)-Phi(a)=2Phi(b)-1$.
          $endgroup$
          – J.G.
          Dec 21 '18 at 10:32











          0












          $begingroup$

          It is $$A={1over sqrt {2pi}}int_{-3}^3 e^{-x^2over 2}dx$$which can only be calculated numerically using Q-function as follows $$A=Q(-3)-Q(3)=1-2Q(3)approx 99.74%$$






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Thank you I will learn more about Q functions.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:39










          • $begingroup$
            You're welcome. Good luck!
            $endgroup$
            – Mostafa Ayaz
            Dec 23 '18 at 11:31
















          0












          $begingroup$

          It is $$A={1over sqrt {2pi}}int_{-3}^3 e^{-x^2over 2}dx$$which can only be calculated numerically using Q-function as follows $$A=Q(-3)-Q(3)=1-2Q(3)approx 99.74%$$






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            Thank you I will learn more about Q functions.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:39










          • $begingroup$
            You're welcome. Good luck!
            $endgroup$
            – Mostafa Ayaz
            Dec 23 '18 at 11:31














          0












          0








          0





          $begingroup$

          It is $$A={1over sqrt {2pi}}int_{-3}^3 e^{-x^2over 2}dx$$which can only be calculated numerically using Q-function as follows $$A=Q(-3)-Q(3)=1-2Q(3)approx 99.74%$$






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          It is $$A={1over sqrt {2pi}}int_{-3}^3 e^{-x^2over 2}dx$$which can only be calculated numerically using Q-function as follows $$A=Q(-3)-Q(3)=1-2Q(3)approx 99.74%$$







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered Dec 21 '18 at 10:11









          Mostafa AyazMostafa Ayaz

          15.6k3939




          15.6k3939












          • $begingroup$
            Thank you I will learn more about Q functions.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:39










          • $begingroup$
            You're welcome. Good luck!
            $endgroup$
            – Mostafa Ayaz
            Dec 23 '18 at 11:31


















          • $begingroup$
            Thank you I will learn more about Q functions.
            $endgroup$
            – swapnil
            Dec 21 '18 at 17:39










          • $begingroup$
            You're welcome. Good luck!
            $endgroup$
            – Mostafa Ayaz
            Dec 23 '18 at 11:31
















          $begingroup$
          Thank you I will learn more about Q functions.
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 17:39




          $begingroup$
          Thank you I will learn more about Q functions.
          $endgroup$
          – swapnil
          Dec 21 '18 at 17:39












          $begingroup$
          You're welcome. Good luck!
          $endgroup$
          – Mostafa Ayaz
          Dec 23 '18 at 11:31




          $begingroup$
          You're welcome. Good luck!
          $endgroup$
          – Mostafa Ayaz
          Dec 23 '18 at 11:31



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