Chemical composition of seawater
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
Is it true that the sea water is composed of about $86%$ oxygen, $11%$ hydrogen and $3%$ of minerals? The chemical formula of water is $ce{H2O}$ (two hydrogen and one oxgen) that shows that the number of hydrogen is greater than that of oxygen.
If the number of hydrogen is greater, then why does the sea water consist of $11%$ hydrogen and $86%$ oxygen, which is lesser than the oxygen?
The book which I am reading says which is confusing me:
... Seawater is composed of about $86%$ oxygen, $11%$ hydrogen and $3%$ of minerals, consisting mainly of sodium and chlorine.
water elements
edited 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
asked 8 hours ago
Ahmed
1093
New contributor
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
Is it true that the sea water is composed of about $86%$ oxygen, $11%$ hydrogen and $3%$ of minerals? The chemical formula of water is $ce{H2O}$ (two hydrogen and one oxgen) that shows that the number of hydrogen is greater than that of oxygen.
If the number of hydrogen is greater, then why does the sea water consist of $11%$ hydrogen and $86%$ oxygen, which is lesser than the oxygen?
The book which I am reading says which is confusing me:
... Seawater is composed of about $86%$ oxygen, $11%$ hydrogen and $3%$ of minerals, consisting mainly of sodium and chlorine.
water elements
edited 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
asked 8 hours ago
Ahmed
1093
New contributor
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
up vote
1
down vote
favorite
Is it true that the sea water is composed of about $86%$ oxygen, $11%$ hydrogen and $3%$ of minerals? The chemical formula of water is $ce{H2O}$ (two hydrogen and one oxgen) that shows that the number of hydrogen is greater than that of oxygen.
If the number of hydrogen is greater, then why does the sea water consist of $11%$ hydrogen and $86%$ oxygen, which is lesser than the oxygen?
The book which I am reading says which is confusing me:
... Seawater is composed of about $86%$ oxygen, $11%$ hydrogen and $3%$ of minerals, consisting mainly of sodium and chlorine.
water elements
edited 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
asked 8 hours ago
Ahmed
1093
New contributor
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Is it true that the sea water is composed of about $86%$ oxygen, $11%$ hydrogen and $3%$ of minerals? The chemical formula of water is $ce{H2O}$ (two hydrogen and one oxgen) that shows that the number of hydrogen is greater than that of oxygen.
If the number of hydrogen is greater, then why does the sea water consist of $11%$ hydrogen and $86%$ oxygen, which is lesser than the oxygen?
The book which I am reading says which is confusing me:
... Seawater is composed of about $86%$ oxygen, $11%$ hydrogen and $3%$ of minerals, consisting mainly of sodium and chlorine.
water elements
water elements
edited 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
asked 8 hours ago
Ahmed
1093
New contributor
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
asked 8 hours ago
Ahmed
1093
New contributor
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
edited 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
edited 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
edited 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
12.8k64498
asked 8 hours ago
Ahmed
1093
New contributor
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
asked 8 hours ago
Ahmed
1093
asked 8 hours ago
Ahmed
1093
1093
New contributor
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
New contributor
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Ahmed is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
up vote
4
down vote
The book that you're reading is measuring by mass.
If you have pure water then you would expect oxygen to make up $frac{16}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 89 % $ by mass. Likewise, hydrogen would make up $frac{2}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 11 % $ by mass.
answered 8 hours ago
PJ R
65710
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
As it has already been mentioned, these are mass percentages, which are a bit imprecise. For the reference, CRC handbook of chemistry and physics [1, p. 14-17] lists elements' abundances in seawater near the surface in $pu{mg L-1}$, alphabetically. I took 15 (starting with 16th element $omega < 10^{-4}~%$) most abundant elements from that array and calculated mass percentage for each:
begin{array}{llr}
hline
text{Element} & rho_i/pu{mg L-1} & omega/% \
hline
ce{O} & pu{8.57E5} & 85.8443 \
ce{H} & pu{1.08E5} & 10.8182 \
ce{Cl} & pu{1.94E4} & 1.9433 \
ce{Na} & pu{1.08E4} & 1.0818 \
ce{Mg} & pu{1.29E3} & 0.1292 \
ce{S} & pu{9.05E2} & 0.0907 \
ce{Ca} & pu{4.12E2} & 0.0413 \
ce{K} & pu{3.99E2} & 0.0400 \
ce{Br} & pu{6.73E1} & 0.0067 \
ce{C} & pu{2.80E1} & 0.0028 \
ce{Sr} & pu{7.9} & 0.0008 \
ce{B} & pu{4.44} & 0.0004 \
ce{Si} & pu{2.2} & 0.0002 \
ce{F} & pu{1.3} & 0.0001 \
ce{N} & pu{5.00E-1} & 0.0001 \
hline
end{array}
References
- Haynes, W. M.; Lide, D. R.; Bruno, T. J. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data.; 2017; Vol. 97.
answered 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
});
});
}, "mathjax-editing");
StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "431"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});
function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
convertImagesToLinks: false,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: null,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});
}
});
Ahmed is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fchemistry.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f106796%2fchemical-composition-of-seawater%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
4
down vote
The book that you're reading is measuring by mass.
If you have pure water then you would expect oxygen to make up $frac{16}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 89 % $ by mass. Likewise, hydrogen would make up $frac{2}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 11 % $ by mass.
answered 8 hours ago
PJ R
65710
add a comment |
up vote
4
down vote
The book that you're reading is measuring by mass.
If you have pure water then you would expect oxygen to make up $frac{16}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 89 % $ by mass. Likewise, hydrogen would make up $frac{2}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 11 % $ by mass.
answered 8 hours ago
PJ R
65710
add a comment |
up vote
4
down vote
up vote
4
down vote
The book that you're reading is measuring by mass.
If you have pure water then you would expect oxygen to make up $frac{16}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 89 % $ by mass. Likewise, hydrogen would make up $frac{2}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 11 % $ by mass.
answered 8 hours ago
PJ R
65710
The book that you're reading is measuring by mass.
If you have pure water then you would expect oxygen to make up $frac{16}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 89 % $ by mass. Likewise, hydrogen would make up $frac{2}{16 + 2}times 100% approx 11 % $ by mass.
answered 8 hours ago
PJ R
65710
answered 8 hours ago
PJ R
65710
answered 8 hours ago
PJ R
65710
answered 8 hours ago
PJ R
65710
65710
add a comment |
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
As it has already been mentioned, these are mass percentages, which are a bit imprecise. For the reference, CRC handbook of chemistry and physics [1, p. 14-17] lists elements' abundances in seawater near the surface in $pu{mg L-1}$, alphabetically. I took 15 (starting with 16th element $omega < 10^{-4}~%$) most abundant elements from that array and calculated mass percentage for each:
begin{array}{llr}
hline
text{Element} & rho_i/pu{mg L-1} & omega/% \
hline
ce{O} & pu{8.57E5} & 85.8443 \
ce{H} & pu{1.08E5} & 10.8182 \
ce{Cl} & pu{1.94E4} & 1.9433 \
ce{Na} & pu{1.08E4} & 1.0818 \
ce{Mg} & pu{1.29E3} & 0.1292 \
ce{S} & pu{9.05E2} & 0.0907 \
ce{Ca} & pu{4.12E2} & 0.0413 \
ce{K} & pu{3.99E2} & 0.0400 \
ce{Br} & pu{6.73E1} & 0.0067 \
ce{C} & pu{2.80E1} & 0.0028 \
ce{Sr} & pu{7.9} & 0.0008 \
ce{B} & pu{4.44} & 0.0004 \
ce{Si} & pu{2.2} & 0.0002 \
ce{F} & pu{1.3} & 0.0001 \
ce{N} & pu{5.00E-1} & 0.0001 \
hline
end{array}
References
- Haynes, W. M.; Lide, D. R.; Bruno, T. J. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data.; 2017; Vol. 97.
answered 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
As it has already been mentioned, these are mass percentages, which are a bit imprecise. For the reference, CRC handbook of chemistry and physics [1, p. 14-17] lists elements' abundances in seawater near the surface in $pu{mg L-1}$, alphabetically. I took 15 (starting with 16th element $omega < 10^{-4}~%$) most abundant elements from that array and calculated mass percentage for each:
begin{array}{llr}
hline
text{Element} & rho_i/pu{mg L-1} & omega/% \
hline
ce{O} & pu{8.57E5} & 85.8443 \
ce{H} & pu{1.08E5} & 10.8182 \
ce{Cl} & pu{1.94E4} & 1.9433 \
ce{Na} & pu{1.08E4} & 1.0818 \
ce{Mg} & pu{1.29E3} & 0.1292 \
ce{S} & pu{9.05E2} & 0.0907 \
ce{Ca} & pu{4.12E2} & 0.0413 \
ce{K} & pu{3.99E2} & 0.0400 \
ce{Br} & pu{6.73E1} & 0.0067 \
ce{C} & pu{2.80E1} & 0.0028 \
ce{Sr} & pu{7.9} & 0.0008 \
ce{B} & pu{4.44} & 0.0004 \
ce{Si} & pu{2.2} & 0.0002 \
ce{F} & pu{1.3} & 0.0001 \
ce{N} & pu{5.00E-1} & 0.0001 \
hline
end{array}
References
- Haynes, W. M.; Lide, D. R.; Bruno, T. J. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data.; 2017; Vol. 97.
answered 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
up vote
3
down vote
As it has already been mentioned, these are mass percentages, which are a bit imprecise. For the reference, CRC handbook of chemistry and physics [1, p. 14-17] lists elements' abundances in seawater near the surface in $pu{mg L-1}$, alphabetically. I took 15 (starting with 16th element $omega < 10^{-4}~%$) most abundant elements from that array and calculated mass percentage for each:
begin{array}{llr}
hline
text{Element} & rho_i/pu{mg L-1} & omega/% \
hline
ce{O} & pu{8.57E5} & 85.8443 \
ce{H} & pu{1.08E5} & 10.8182 \
ce{Cl} & pu{1.94E4} & 1.9433 \
ce{Na} & pu{1.08E4} & 1.0818 \
ce{Mg} & pu{1.29E3} & 0.1292 \
ce{S} & pu{9.05E2} & 0.0907 \
ce{Ca} & pu{4.12E2} & 0.0413 \
ce{K} & pu{3.99E2} & 0.0400 \
ce{Br} & pu{6.73E1} & 0.0067 \
ce{C} & pu{2.80E1} & 0.0028 \
ce{Sr} & pu{7.9} & 0.0008 \
ce{B} & pu{4.44} & 0.0004 \
ce{Si} & pu{2.2} & 0.0002 \
ce{F} & pu{1.3} & 0.0001 \
ce{N} & pu{5.00E-1} & 0.0001 \
hline
end{array}
References
- Haynes, W. M.; Lide, D. R.; Bruno, T. J. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data.; 2017; Vol. 97.
answered 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
As it has already been mentioned, these are mass percentages, which are a bit imprecise. For the reference, CRC handbook of chemistry and physics [1, p. 14-17] lists elements' abundances in seawater near the surface in $pu{mg L-1}$, alphabetically. I took 15 (starting with 16th element $omega < 10^{-4}~%$) most abundant elements from that array and calculated mass percentage for each:
begin{array}{llr}
hline
text{Element} & rho_i/pu{mg L-1} & omega/% \
hline
ce{O} & pu{8.57E5} & 85.8443 \
ce{H} & pu{1.08E5} & 10.8182 \
ce{Cl} & pu{1.94E4} & 1.9433 \
ce{Na} & pu{1.08E4} & 1.0818 \
ce{Mg} & pu{1.29E3} & 0.1292 \
ce{S} & pu{9.05E2} & 0.0907 \
ce{Ca} & pu{4.12E2} & 0.0413 \
ce{K} & pu{3.99E2} & 0.0400 \
ce{Br} & pu{6.73E1} & 0.0067 \
ce{C} & pu{2.80E1} & 0.0028 \
ce{Sr} & pu{7.9} & 0.0008 \
ce{B} & pu{4.44} & 0.0004 \
ce{Si} & pu{2.2} & 0.0002 \
ce{F} & pu{1.3} & 0.0001 \
ce{N} & pu{5.00E-1} & 0.0001 \
hline
end{array}
References
- Haynes, W. M.; Lide, D. R.; Bruno, T. J. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready-Reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data.; 2017; Vol. 97.
answered 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
edited 4 hours ago
answered 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
answered 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
answered 7 hours ago
andselisk
12.8k64498
12.8k64498
add a comment |
add a comment |
Ahmed is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Ahmed is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Ahmed is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Ahmed is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
Thanks for contributing an answer to Chemistry Stack Exchange!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Some of your past answers have not been well-received, and you're in danger of being blocked from answering.
Please pay close attention to the following guidance:
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fchemistry.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f106796%2fchemical-composition-of-seawater%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
