Speechless mathematical proofs.












2












$begingroup$



Do you have proofs without word?




Your proofs are not necessary has zero word, you may add a bit explanations.



As an example, I has a "Speechless proof" for
$$frac{1}{4}+frac{1}{4^2}+frac{1}{4^3}+...=frac{1}{3}$$
enter image description here



I welcome all aspects of mathematical proofs. Thank you.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$








  • 12




    $begingroup$
    These are usually called proofs without words. MathOverflow has a nice list of them.
    $endgroup$
    – Rahul
    Nov 5 '12 at 9:05










  • $begingroup$
    Please feel please to post your proof even it's similar to those in MathsOverFlow, because we are here in MathStackExchange.
    $endgroup$
    – A. Chu
    Nov 5 '12 at 9:58








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    For this question, what's really important are imaginative answers.
    $endgroup$
    – A. Chu
    Nov 5 '12 at 10:27






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    In fact, this particular example is not obvious without some words (at least to me)!
    $endgroup$
    – NoChance
    Nov 5 '12 at 10:40






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @NoChance, you are right. Also, there is a nice proof without words for the same result here: (mathoverflow.net/a/163807). This is in the list mentioned in the comment above by Rahul.
    $endgroup$
    – Cyriac Antony
    Jan 17 at 5:14


















2












$begingroup$



Do you have proofs without word?




Your proofs are not necessary has zero word, you may add a bit explanations.



As an example, I has a "Speechless proof" for
$$frac{1}{4}+frac{1}{4^2}+frac{1}{4^3}+...=frac{1}{3}$$
enter image description here



I welcome all aspects of mathematical proofs. Thank you.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$








  • 12




    $begingroup$
    These are usually called proofs without words. MathOverflow has a nice list of them.
    $endgroup$
    – Rahul
    Nov 5 '12 at 9:05










  • $begingroup$
    Please feel please to post your proof even it's similar to those in MathsOverFlow, because we are here in MathStackExchange.
    $endgroup$
    – A. Chu
    Nov 5 '12 at 9:58








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    For this question, what's really important are imaginative answers.
    $endgroup$
    – A. Chu
    Nov 5 '12 at 10:27






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    In fact, this particular example is not obvious without some words (at least to me)!
    $endgroup$
    – NoChance
    Nov 5 '12 at 10:40






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @NoChance, you are right. Also, there is a nice proof without words for the same result here: (mathoverflow.net/a/163807). This is in the list mentioned in the comment above by Rahul.
    $endgroup$
    – Cyriac Antony
    Jan 17 at 5:14
















2












2








2


7



$begingroup$



Do you have proofs without word?




Your proofs are not necessary has zero word, you may add a bit explanations.



As an example, I has a "Speechless proof" for
$$frac{1}{4}+frac{1}{4^2}+frac{1}{4^3}+...=frac{1}{3}$$
enter image description here



I welcome all aspects of mathematical proofs. Thank you.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$





Do you have proofs without word?




Your proofs are not necessary has zero word, you may add a bit explanations.



As an example, I has a "Speechless proof" for
$$frac{1}{4}+frac{1}{4^2}+frac{1}{4^3}+...=frac{1}{3}$$
enter image description here



I welcome all aspects of mathematical proofs. Thank you.







recreational-mathematics






share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question










asked Nov 5 '12 at 9:02









A. ChuA. Chu

7,01593284




7,01593284








  • 12




    $begingroup$
    These are usually called proofs without words. MathOverflow has a nice list of them.
    $endgroup$
    – Rahul
    Nov 5 '12 at 9:05










  • $begingroup$
    Please feel please to post your proof even it's similar to those in MathsOverFlow, because we are here in MathStackExchange.
    $endgroup$
    – A. Chu
    Nov 5 '12 at 9:58








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    For this question, what's really important are imaginative answers.
    $endgroup$
    – A. Chu
    Nov 5 '12 at 10:27






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    In fact, this particular example is not obvious without some words (at least to me)!
    $endgroup$
    – NoChance
    Nov 5 '12 at 10:40






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @NoChance, you are right. Also, there is a nice proof without words for the same result here: (mathoverflow.net/a/163807). This is in the list mentioned in the comment above by Rahul.
    $endgroup$
    – Cyriac Antony
    Jan 17 at 5:14
















  • 12




    $begingroup$
    These are usually called proofs without words. MathOverflow has a nice list of them.
    $endgroup$
    – Rahul
    Nov 5 '12 at 9:05










  • $begingroup$
    Please feel please to post your proof even it's similar to those in MathsOverFlow, because we are here in MathStackExchange.
    $endgroup$
    – A. Chu
    Nov 5 '12 at 9:58








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    For this question, what's really important are imaginative answers.
    $endgroup$
    – A. Chu
    Nov 5 '12 at 10:27






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    In fact, this particular example is not obvious without some words (at least to me)!
    $endgroup$
    – NoChance
    Nov 5 '12 at 10:40






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @NoChance, you are right. Also, there is a nice proof without words for the same result here: (mathoverflow.net/a/163807). This is in the list mentioned in the comment above by Rahul.
    $endgroup$
    – Cyriac Antony
    Jan 17 at 5:14










12




12




$begingroup$
These are usually called proofs without words. MathOverflow has a nice list of them.
$endgroup$
– Rahul
Nov 5 '12 at 9:05




$begingroup$
These are usually called proofs without words. MathOverflow has a nice list of them.
$endgroup$
– Rahul
Nov 5 '12 at 9:05












$begingroup$
Please feel please to post your proof even it's similar to those in MathsOverFlow, because we are here in MathStackExchange.
$endgroup$
– A. Chu
Nov 5 '12 at 9:58






$begingroup$
Please feel please to post your proof even it's similar to those in MathsOverFlow, because we are here in MathStackExchange.
$endgroup$
– A. Chu
Nov 5 '12 at 9:58






1




1




$begingroup$
For this question, what's really important are imaginative answers.
$endgroup$
– A. Chu
Nov 5 '12 at 10:27




$begingroup$
For this question, what's really important are imaginative answers.
$endgroup$
– A. Chu
Nov 5 '12 at 10:27




1




1




$begingroup$
In fact, this particular example is not obvious without some words (at least to me)!
$endgroup$
– NoChance
Nov 5 '12 at 10:40




$begingroup$
In fact, this particular example is not obvious without some words (at least to me)!
$endgroup$
– NoChance
Nov 5 '12 at 10:40




1




1




$begingroup$
@NoChance, you are right. Also, there is a nice proof without words for the same result here: (mathoverflow.net/a/163807). This is in the list mentioned in the comment above by Rahul.
$endgroup$
– Cyriac Antony
Jan 17 at 5:14






$begingroup$
@NoChance, you are right. Also, there is a nice proof without words for the same result here: (mathoverflow.net/a/163807). This is in the list mentioned in the comment above by Rahul.
$endgroup$
– Cyriac Antony
Jan 17 at 5:14












5 Answers
5






active

oldest

votes


















0












$begingroup$

Part of the proof in my blog post is done with my own ad-hoc diagrams..



grid with tour



The question is: How many "tours" (paths that visit every single square exactly once) are there in a 4x10^12 grid under the condition the tour must start in the top left square and finish in the bottom left square. (Credit to the guys at projecteuler.net for thinking up another great problem)



If we let T(n) be the formula for the number of tours in a 4xn grid, we need to find T(10^12). One approach is to find a recurrence relation. A trick is to realize there are only two possible ending columns. Try follow my working if you can, sorry It's messy :)



sketch






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$





















    8












    $begingroup$

    The best one I have ever seen is to prove $$1 + 2 + 3 + cdots + n = dfrac{n(n+1)}2$$



    enter image description here






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$









    • 1




      $begingroup$
      Should we just copy the MO answers here - or link to them from here?
      $endgroup$
      – Old John
      Nov 5 '12 at 9:50






    • 2




      $begingroup$
      Could somebody give me the "with words" version of this proof?
      $endgroup$
      – littleO
      Nov 5 '12 at 10:05






    • 3




      $begingroup$
      @littleO There's a bijection in there. Look carefully. Perhaps it would be more helpful if we wrote $frac{n(n+1)}{2}$ as $binom{n+1}{2}$
      $endgroup$
      – EuYu
      Nov 5 '12 at 10:09












    • $begingroup$
      Ohh, I see, crazy. Thanks for the hint.
      $endgroup$
      – littleO
      Nov 5 '12 at 12:00










    • $begingroup$
      @OldJohn I don't know. I anyway made my post CW when I posted it.
      $endgroup$
      – user17762
      Nov 5 '12 at 21:48



















    7












    $begingroup$

    Found this great one surfing the web recently.
    $$
    displaystyle 1/2+1/4+1/8+1/16+ldots =1
    $$

    Classic geometric sum






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$





















      6












      $begingroup$

      Convergence of reciprocal of squares



      Reciprocals of squares converge.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$





















        1












        $begingroup$

        Here's one showing the area of a disk is $pi R^2$.



        enter image description here






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$













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          5 Answers
          5






          active

          oldest

          votes








          5 Answers
          5






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          0












          $begingroup$

          Part of the proof in my blog post is done with my own ad-hoc diagrams..



          grid with tour



          The question is: How many "tours" (paths that visit every single square exactly once) are there in a 4x10^12 grid under the condition the tour must start in the top left square and finish in the bottom left square. (Credit to the guys at projecteuler.net for thinking up another great problem)



          If we let T(n) be the formula for the number of tours in a 4xn grid, we need to find T(10^12). One approach is to find a recurrence relation. A trick is to realize there are only two possible ending columns. Try follow my working if you can, sorry It's messy :)



          sketch






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$


















            0












            $begingroup$

            Part of the proof in my blog post is done with my own ad-hoc diagrams..



            grid with tour



            The question is: How many "tours" (paths that visit every single square exactly once) are there in a 4x10^12 grid under the condition the tour must start in the top left square and finish in the bottom left square. (Credit to the guys at projecteuler.net for thinking up another great problem)



            If we let T(n) be the formula for the number of tours in a 4xn grid, we need to find T(10^12). One approach is to find a recurrence relation. A trick is to realize there are only two possible ending columns. Try follow my working if you can, sorry It's messy :)



            sketch






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$
















              0












              0








              0





              $begingroup$

              Part of the proof in my blog post is done with my own ad-hoc diagrams..



              grid with tour



              The question is: How many "tours" (paths that visit every single square exactly once) are there in a 4x10^12 grid under the condition the tour must start in the top left square and finish in the bottom left square. (Credit to the guys at projecteuler.net for thinking up another great problem)



              If we let T(n) be the formula for the number of tours in a 4xn grid, we need to find T(10^12). One approach is to find a recurrence relation. A trick is to realize there are only two possible ending columns. Try follow my working if you can, sorry It's messy :)



              sketch






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$



              Part of the proof in my blog post is done with my own ad-hoc diagrams..



              grid with tour



              The question is: How many "tours" (paths that visit every single square exactly once) are there in a 4x10^12 grid under the condition the tour must start in the top left square and finish in the bottom left square. (Credit to the guys at projecteuler.net for thinking up another great problem)



              If we let T(n) be the formula for the number of tours in a 4xn grid, we need to find T(10^12). One approach is to find a recurrence relation. A trick is to realize there are only two possible ending columns. Try follow my working if you can, sorry It's messy :)



              sketch







              share|cite|improve this answer












              share|cite|improve this answer



              share|cite|improve this answer










              answered Nov 5 '12 at 9:54









              robert kingrobert king

              1597




              1597























                  8












                  $begingroup$

                  The best one I have ever seen is to prove $$1 + 2 + 3 + cdots + n = dfrac{n(n+1)}2$$



                  enter image description here






                  share|cite|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$









                  • 1




                    $begingroup$
                    Should we just copy the MO answers here - or link to them from here?
                    $endgroup$
                    – Old John
                    Nov 5 '12 at 9:50






                  • 2




                    $begingroup$
                    Could somebody give me the "with words" version of this proof?
                    $endgroup$
                    – littleO
                    Nov 5 '12 at 10:05






                  • 3




                    $begingroup$
                    @littleO There's a bijection in there. Look carefully. Perhaps it would be more helpful if we wrote $frac{n(n+1)}{2}$ as $binom{n+1}{2}$
                    $endgroup$
                    – EuYu
                    Nov 5 '12 at 10:09












                  • $begingroup$
                    Ohh, I see, crazy. Thanks for the hint.
                    $endgroup$
                    – littleO
                    Nov 5 '12 at 12:00










                  • $begingroup$
                    @OldJohn I don't know. I anyway made my post CW when I posted it.
                    $endgroup$
                    – user17762
                    Nov 5 '12 at 21:48
















                  8












                  $begingroup$

                  The best one I have ever seen is to prove $$1 + 2 + 3 + cdots + n = dfrac{n(n+1)}2$$



                  enter image description here






                  share|cite|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$









                  • 1




                    $begingroup$
                    Should we just copy the MO answers here - or link to them from here?
                    $endgroup$
                    – Old John
                    Nov 5 '12 at 9:50






                  • 2




                    $begingroup$
                    Could somebody give me the "with words" version of this proof?
                    $endgroup$
                    – littleO
                    Nov 5 '12 at 10:05






                  • 3




                    $begingroup$
                    @littleO There's a bijection in there. Look carefully. Perhaps it would be more helpful if we wrote $frac{n(n+1)}{2}$ as $binom{n+1}{2}$
                    $endgroup$
                    – EuYu
                    Nov 5 '12 at 10:09












                  • $begingroup$
                    Ohh, I see, crazy. Thanks for the hint.
                    $endgroup$
                    – littleO
                    Nov 5 '12 at 12:00










                  • $begingroup$
                    @OldJohn I don't know. I anyway made my post CW when I posted it.
                    $endgroup$
                    – user17762
                    Nov 5 '12 at 21:48














                  8












                  8








                  8





                  $begingroup$

                  The best one I have ever seen is to prove $$1 + 2 + 3 + cdots + n = dfrac{n(n+1)}2$$



                  enter image description here






                  share|cite|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$



                  The best one I have ever seen is to prove $$1 + 2 + 3 + cdots + n = dfrac{n(n+1)}2$$



                  enter image description here







                  share|cite|improve this answer














                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer








                  edited Nov 5 '12 at 9:22


























                  community wiki





                  2 revs
                  user17762









                  • 1




                    $begingroup$
                    Should we just copy the MO answers here - or link to them from here?
                    $endgroup$
                    – Old John
                    Nov 5 '12 at 9:50






                  • 2




                    $begingroup$
                    Could somebody give me the "with words" version of this proof?
                    $endgroup$
                    – littleO
                    Nov 5 '12 at 10:05






                  • 3




                    $begingroup$
                    @littleO There's a bijection in there. Look carefully. Perhaps it would be more helpful if we wrote $frac{n(n+1)}{2}$ as $binom{n+1}{2}$
                    $endgroup$
                    – EuYu
                    Nov 5 '12 at 10:09












                  • $begingroup$
                    Ohh, I see, crazy. Thanks for the hint.
                    $endgroup$
                    – littleO
                    Nov 5 '12 at 12:00










                  • $begingroup$
                    @OldJohn I don't know. I anyway made my post CW when I posted it.
                    $endgroup$
                    – user17762
                    Nov 5 '12 at 21:48














                  • 1




                    $begingroup$
                    Should we just copy the MO answers here - or link to them from here?
                    $endgroup$
                    – Old John
                    Nov 5 '12 at 9:50






                  • 2




                    $begingroup$
                    Could somebody give me the "with words" version of this proof?
                    $endgroup$
                    – littleO
                    Nov 5 '12 at 10:05






                  • 3




                    $begingroup$
                    @littleO There's a bijection in there. Look carefully. Perhaps it would be more helpful if we wrote $frac{n(n+1)}{2}$ as $binom{n+1}{2}$
                    $endgroup$
                    – EuYu
                    Nov 5 '12 at 10:09












                  • $begingroup$
                    Ohh, I see, crazy. Thanks for the hint.
                    $endgroup$
                    – littleO
                    Nov 5 '12 at 12:00










                  • $begingroup$
                    @OldJohn I don't know. I anyway made my post CW when I posted it.
                    $endgroup$
                    – user17762
                    Nov 5 '12 at 21:48








                  1




                  1




                  $begingroup$
                  Should we just copy the MO answers here - or link to them from here?
                  $endgroup$
                  – Old John
                  Nov 5 '12 at 9:50




                  $begingroup$
                  Should we just copy the MO answers here - or link to them from here?
                  $endgroup$
                  – Old John
                  Nov 5 '12 at 9:50




                  2




                  2




                  $begingroup$
                  Could somebody give me the "with words" version of this proof?
                  $endgroup$
                  – littleO
                  Nov 5 '12 at 10:05




                  $begingroup$
                  Could somebody give me the "with words" version of this proof?
                  $endgroup$
                  – littleO
                  Nov 5 '12 at 10:05




                  3




                  3




                  $begingroup$
                  @littleO There's a bijection in there. Look carefully. Perhaps it would be more helpful if we wrote $frac{n(n+1)}{2}$ as $binom{n+1}{2}$
                  $endgroup$
                  – EuYu
                  Nov 5 '12 at 10:09






                  $begingroup$
                  @littleO There's a bijection in there. Look carefully. Perhaps it would be more helpful if we wrote $frac{n(n+1)}{2}$ as $binom{n+1}{2}$
                  $endgroup$
                  – EuYu
                  Nov 5 '12 at 10:09














                  $begingroup$
                  Ohh, I see, crazy. Thanks for the hint.
                  $endgroup$
                  – littleO
                  Nov 5 '12 at 12:00




                  $begingroup$
                  Ohh, I see, crazy. Thanks for the hint.
                  $endgroup$
                  – littleO
                  Nov 5 '12 at 12:00












                  $begingroup$
                  @OldJohn I don't know. I anyway made my post CW when I posted it.
                  $endgroup$
                  – user17762
                  Nov 5 '12 at 21:48




                  $begingroup$
                  @OldJohn I don't know. I anyway made my post CW when I posted it.
                  $endgroup$
                  – user17762
                  Nov 5 '12 at 21:48











                  7












                  $begingroup$

                  Found this great one surfing the web recently.
                  $$
                  displaystyle 1/2+1/4+1/8+1/16+ldots =1
                  $$

                  Classic geometric sum






                  share|cite|improve this answer











                  $endgroup$


















                    7












                    $begingroup$

                    Found this great one surfing the web recently.
                    $$
                    displaystyle 1/2+1/4+1/8+1/16+ldots =1
                    $$

                    Classic geometric sum






                    share|cite|improve this answer











                    $endgroup$
















                      7












                      7








                      7





                      $begingroup$

                      Found this great one surfing the web recently.
                      $$
                      displaystyle 1/2+1/4+1/8+1/16+ldots =1
                      $$

                      Classic geometric sum






                      share|cite|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$



                      Found this great one surfing the web recently.
                      $$
                      displaystyle 1/2+1/4+1/8+1/16+ldots =1
                      $$

                      Classic geometric sum







                      share|cite|improve this answer














                      share|cite|improve this answer



                      share|cite|improve this answer








                      edited Dec 23 '18 at 20:28









                      Glorfindel

                      3,41981830




                      3,41981830










                      answered Nov 5 '12 at 9:49









                      cyclochaoticcyclochaotic

                      85411429




                      85411429























                          6












                          $begingroup$

                          Convergence of reciprocal of squares



                          Reciprocals of squares converge.






                          share|cite|improve this answer









                          $endgroup$


















                            6












                            $begingroup$

                            Convergence of reciprocal of squares



                            Reciprocals of squares converge.






                            share|cite|improve this answer









                            $endgroup$
















                              6












                              6








                              6





                              $begingroup$

                              Convergence of reciprocal of squares



                              Reciprocals of squares converge.






                              share|cite|improve this answer









                              $endgroup$



                              Convergence of reciprocal of squares



                              Reciprocals of squares converge.







                              share|cite|improve this answer












                              share|cite|improve this answer



                              share|cite|improve this answer










                              answered Nov 5 '12 at 10:16









                              EuYuEuYu

                              30.5k754102




                              30.5k754102























                                  1












                                  $begingroup$

                                  Here's one showing the area of a disk is $pi R^2$.



                                  enter image description here






                                  share|cite|improve this answer









                                  $endgroup$


















                                    1












                                    $begingroup$

                                    Here's one showing the area of a disk is $pi R^2$.



                                    enter image description here






                                    share|cite|improve this answer









                                    $endgroup$
















                                      1












                                      1








                                      1





                                      $begingroup$

                                      Here's one showing the area of a disk is $pi R^2$.



                                      enter image description here






                                      share|cite|improve this answer









                                      $endgroup$



                                      Here's one showing the area of a disk is $pi R^2$.



                                      enter image description here







                                      share|cite|improve this answer












                                      share|cite|improve this answer



                                      share|cite|improve this answer










                                      answered Apr 16 '18 at 16:42









                                      CharlesCharles

                                      1527




                                      1527






























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