Viscous Fluids at a Slope (Navier-Stokes)

Multi tool use
$begingroup$
An in-compressible viscous fluid flows down a flat slope of angle θ to the
horizontal under the force of gravity, with g the acceleration due to gravity.
What are the boundary conditions for the fluid at the point of contact with
the slope and at the free surface?
What I know: $u=0$ at $y=0$ and $frac{du}{dy}=0$ at y=d. Then $vec {g}=[g sin(a),-gcos(a),0]$
Using orthogonal coordinates with the x-axis pointing down the slope and
the y-axis perpendicular to the slope, find a solution to the Navier-Stokes
equation for a flow of depth d down the slope under the assumptions that
the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction, including an expression
for the pressure.
This is how i interpreted the question in a figure:
A river descends by 100m over a distance of 100km. Given that the dynamic viscosity of water is approximately $$mu=10^{−3}kgm^{−1}s^{−1}$$
estimate the predicted speed of the river using your own estimates for any other
parameters involved.
Is it unrealistic? If so give possible reasons for the lack of realism.
What I know: is the Navier-Stokes Equation is... $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p + nu nabla^2 vec{v}$$
Now I'm a bit unsure but I think due to the fluid being in-compressible we now have the equation: $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p$$
Really stuck from here, on this question don't really know how to approach it as I'm fairly new to fluid dynamics any help would be greatly appreciated.
dynamical-systems physics mathematical-physics fluid-dynamics viscosity-solutions
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
An in-compressible viscous fluid flows down a flat slope of angle θ to the
horizontal under the force of gravity, with g the acceleration due to gravity.
What are the boundary conditions for the fluid at the point of contact with
the slope and at the free surface?
What I know: $u=0$ at $y=0$ and $frac{du}{dy}=0$ at y=d. Then $vec {g}=[g sin(a),-gcos(a),0]$
Using orthogonal coordinates with the x-axis pointing down the slope and
the y-axis perpendicular to the slope, find a solution to the Navier-Stokes
equation for a flow of depth d down the slope under the assumptions that
the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction, including an expression
for the pressure.
This is how i interpreted the question in a figure:
A river descends by 100m over a distance of 100km. Given that the dynamic viscosity of water is approximately $$mu=10^{−3}kgm^{−1}s^{−1}$$
estimate the predicted speed of the river using your own estimates for any other
parameters involved.
Is it unrealistic? If so give possible reasons for the lack of realism.
What I know: is the Navier-Stokes Equation is... $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p + nu nabla^2 vec{v}$$
Now I'm a bit unsure but I think due to the fluid being in-compressible we now have the equation: $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p$$
Really stuck from here, on this question don't really know how to approach it as I'm fairly new to fluid dynamics any help would be greatly appreciated.
dynamical-systems physics mathematical-physics fluid-dynamics viscosity-solutions
$endgroup$
add a comment |
$begingroup$
An in-compressible viscous fluid flows down a flat slope of angle θ to the
horizontal under the force of gravity, with g the acceleration due to gravity.
What are the boundary conditions for the fluid at the point of contact with
the slope and at the free surface?
What I know: $u=0$ at $y=0$ and $frac{du}{dy}=0$ at y=d. Then $vec {g}=[g sin(a),-gcos(a),0]$
Using orthogonal coordinates with the x-axis pointing down the slope and
the y-axis perpendicular to the slope, find a solution to the Navier-Stokes
equation for a flow of depth d down the slope under the assumptions that
the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction, including an expression
for the pressure.
This is how i interpreted the question in a figure:
A river descends by 100m over a distance of 100km. Given that the dynamic viscosity of water is approximately $$mu=10^{−3}kgm^{−1}s^{−1}$$
estimate the predicted speed of the river using your own estimates for any other
parameters involved.
Is it unrealistic? If so give possible reasons for the lack of realism.
What I know: is the Navier-Stokes Equation is... $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p + nu nabla^2 vec{v}$$
Now I'm a bit unsure but I think due to the fluid being in-compressible we now have the equation: $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p$$
Really stuck from here, on this question don't really know how to approach it as I'm fairly new to fluid dynamics any help would be greatly appreciated.
dynamical-systems physics mathematical-physics fluid-dynamics viscosity-solutions
$endgroup$
An in-compressible viscous fluid flows down a flat slope of angle θ to the
horizontal under the force of gravity, with g the acceleration due to gravity.
What are the boundary conditions for the fluid at the point of contact with
the slope and at the free surface?
What I know: $u=0$ at $y=0$ and $frac{du}{dy}=0$ at y=d. Then $vec {g}=[g sin(a),-gcos(a),0]$
Using orthogonal coordinates with the x-axis pointing down the slope and
the y-axis perpendicular to the slope, find a solution to the Navier-Stokes
equation for a flow of depth d down the slope under the assumptions that
the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction, including an expression
for the pressure.
This is how i interpreted the question in a figure:
A river descends by 100m over a distance of 100km. Given that the dynamic viscosity of water is approximately $$mu=10^{−3}kgm^{−1}s^{−1}$$
estimate the predicted speed of the river using your own estimates for any other
parameters involved.
Is it unrealistic? If so give possible reasons for the lack of realism.
What I know: is the Navier-Stokes Equation is... $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p + nu nabla^2 vec{v}$$
Now I'm a bit unsure but I think due to the fluid being in-compressible we now have the equation: $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p$$
Really stuck from here, on this question don't really know how to approach it as I'm fairly new to fluid dynamics any help would be greatly appreciated.
dynamical-systems physics mathematical-physics fluid-dynamics viscosity-solutions
dynamical-systems physics mathematical-physics fluid-dynamics viscosity-solutions
edited Dec 24 '18 at 3:33
Reety
asked Dec 24 '18 at 2:44
ReetyReety
15311
15311
add a comment |
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.
You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).
For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives
$$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$
Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to
$$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$
Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation
$$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$
The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.
See if you can finish now.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:21
$begingroup$
@Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:26
$begingroup$
so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:34
$begingroup$
So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:45
$begingroup$
aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
|
show 7 more comments
Your Answer
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1 Answer
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$begingroup$
You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.
You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).
For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives
$$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$
Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to
$$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$
Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation
$$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$
The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.
See if you can finish now.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:21
$begingroup$
@Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:26
$begingroup$
so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:34
$begingroup$
So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:45
$begingroup$
aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
|
show 7 more comments
$begingroup$
You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.
You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).
For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives
$$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$
Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to
$$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$
Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation
$$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$
The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.
See if you can finish now.
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:21
$begingroup$
@Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:26
$begingroup$
so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:34
$begingroup$
So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:45
$begingroup$
aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
|
show 7 more comments
$begingroup$
You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.
You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).
For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives
$$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$
Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to
$$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$
Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation
$$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$
The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.
See if you can finish now.
$endgroup$
You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.
You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).
For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives
$$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$
Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to
$$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$
Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation
$$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$
The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.
See if you can finish now.
answered Dec 24 '18 at 4:47
RRLRRL
51.7k42573
51.7k42573
$begingroup$
I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:21
$begingroup$
@Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:26
$begingroup$
so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:34
$begingroup$
So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:45
$begingroup$
aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
|
show 7 more comments
$begingroup$
I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:21
$begingroup$
@Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:26
$begingroup$
so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:34
$begingroup$
So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:45
$begingroup$
aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
$begingroup$
I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:21
$begingroup$
I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:21
$begingroup$
@Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:26
$begingroup$
@Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:26
$begingroup$
so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:34
$begingroup$
so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:34
$begingroup$
So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:45
$begingroup$
So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
$endgroup$
– RRL
Dec 24 '18 at 5:45
$begingroup$
aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
$begingroup$
aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
$endgroup$
– Reety
Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
|
show 7 more comments
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