Viscous Fluids at a Slope (Navier-Stokes)












2












$begingroup$


An in-compressible viscous fluid flows down a flat slope of angle θ to the
horizontal under the force of gravity, with g the acceleration due to gravity.
What are the boundary conditions for the fluid at the point of contact with
the slope and at the free surface?



What I know: $u=0$ at $y=0$ and $frac{du}{dy}=0$ at y=d. Then $vec {g}=[g sin(a),-gcos(a),0]$



Using orthogonal coordinates with the x-axis pointing down the slope and
the y-axis perpendicular to the slope, find a solution to the Navier-Stokes
equation for a flow of depth d down the slope under the assumptions that
the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction, including an expression
for the pressure.



This is how i interpreted the question in a figure:



Flow down a Slope in two dimensions



A river descends by 100m over a distance of 100km. Given that the dynamic viscosity of water is approximately $$mu=10^{−3}kgm^{−1}s^{−1}$$
estimate the predicted speed of the river using your own estimates for any other
parameters involved.



Is it unrealistic? If so give possible reasons for the lack of realism.



What I know: is the Navier-Stokes Equation is... $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p + nu nabla^2 vec{v}$$



Now I'm a bit unsure but I think due to the fluid being in-compressible we now have the equation: $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p$$



Really stuck from here, on this question don't really know how to approach it as I'm fairly new to fluid dynamics any help would be greatly appreciated.










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$

















    2












    $begingroup$


    An in-compressible viscous fluid flows down a flat slope of angle θ to the
    horizontal under the force of gravity, with g the acceleration due to gravity.
    What are the boundary conditions for the fluid at the point of contact with
    the slope and at the free surface?



    What I know: $u=0$ at $y=0$ and $frac{du}{dy}=0$ at y=d. Then $vec {g}=[g sin(a),-gcos(a),0]$



    Using orthogonal coordinates with the x-axis pointing down the slope and
    the y-axis perpendicular to the slope, find a solution to the Navier-Stokes
    equation for a flow of depth d down the slope under the assumptions that
    the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction, including an expression
    for the pressure.



    This is how i interpreted the question in a figure:



    Flow down a Slope in two dimensions



    A river descends by 100m over a distance of 100km. Given that the dynamic viscosity of water is approximately $$mu=10^{−3}kgm^{−1}s^{−1}$$
    estimate the predicted speed of the river using your own estimates for any other
    parameters involved.



    Is it unrealistic? If so give possible reasons for the lack of realism.



    What I know: is the Navier-Stokes Equation is... $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p + nu nabla^2 vec{v}$$



    Now I'm a bit unsure but I think due to the fluid being in-compressible we now have the equation: $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p$$



    Really stuck from here, on this question don't really know how to approach it as I'm fairly new to fluid dynamics any help would be greatly appreciated.










    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$















      2












      2








      2


      2



      $begingroup$


      An in-compressible viscous fluid flows down a flat slope of angle θ to the
      horizontal under the force of gravity, with g the acceleration due to gravity.
      What are the boundary conditions for the fluid at the point of contact with
      the slope and at the free surface?



      What I know: $u=0$ at $y=0$ and $frac{du}{dy}=0$ at y=d. Then $vec {g}=[g sin(a),-gcos(a),0]$



      Using orthogonal coordinates with the x-axis pointing down the slope and
      the y-axis perpendicular to the slope, find a solution to the Navier-Stokes
      equation for a flow of depth d down the slope under the assumptions that
      the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction, including an expression
      for the pressure.



      This is how i interpreted the question in a figure:



      Flow down a Slope in two dimensions



      A river descends by 100m over a distance of 100km. Given that the dynamic viscosity of water is approximately $$mu=10^{−3}kgm^{−1}s^{−1}$$
      estimate the predicted speed of the river using your own estimates for any other
      parameters involved.



      Is it unrealistic? If so give possible reasons for the lack of realism.



      What I know: is the Navier-Stokes Equation is... $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p + nu nabla^2 vec{v}$$



      Now I'm a bit unsure but I think due to the fluid being in-compressible we now have the equation: $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p$$



      Really stuck from here, on this question don't really know how to approach it as I'm fairly new to fluid dynamics any help would be greatly appreciated.










      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      An in-compressible viscous fluid flows down a flat slope of angle θ to the
      horizontal under the force of gravity, with g the acceleration due to gravity.
      What are the boundary conditions for the fluid at the point of contact with
      the slope and at the free surface?



      What I know: $u=0$ at $y=0$ and $frac{du}{dy}=0$ at y=d. Then $vec {g}=[g sin(a),-gcos(a),0]$



      Using orthogonal coordinates with the x-axis pointing down the slope and
      the y-axis perpendicular to the slope, find a solution to the Navier-Stokes
      equation for a flow of depth d down the slope under the assumptions that
      the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction, including an expression
      for the pressure.



      This is how i interpreted the question in a figure:



      Flow down a Slope in two dimensions



      A river descends by 100m over a distance of 100km. Given that the dynamic viscosity of water is approximately $$mu=10^{−3}kgm^{−1}s^{−1}$$
      estimate the predicted speed of the river using your own estimates for any other
      parameters involved.



      Is it unrealistic? If so give possible reasons for the lack of realism.



      What I know: is the Navier-Stokes Equation is... $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p + nu nabla^2 vec{v}$$



      Now I'm a bit unsure but I think due to the fluid being in-compressible we now have the equation: $$dfrac{dvec{v}}{d t}+ vec{v} .nabla vec{v} = vec{F} - dfrac{1}{rho} nabla p$$



      Really stuck from here, on this question don't really know how to approach it as I'm fairly new to fluid dynamics any help would be greatly appreciated.







      dynamical-systems physics mathematical-physics fluid-dynamics viscosity-solutions






      share|cite|improve this question















      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question








      edited Dec 24 '18 at 3:33







      Reety

















      asked Dec 24 '18 at 2:44









      ReetyReety

      15311




      15311






















          1 Answer
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          active

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          3












          $begingroup$

          You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.



          You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).



          For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives



          $$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$



          Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to



          $$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$



          Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation



          $$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$



          The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.



          See if you can finish now.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:21












          • $begingroup$
            @Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:26










          • $begingroup$
            so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:34










          • $begingroup$
            So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:45










          • $begingroup$
            aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:47











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          1 Answer
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          1 Answer
          1






          active

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          active

          oldest

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          active

          oldest

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          3












          $begingroup$

          You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.



          You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).



          For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives



          $$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$



          Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to



          $$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$



          Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation



          $$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$



          The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.



          See if you can finish now.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:21












          • $begingroup$
            @Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:26










          • $begingroup$
            so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:34










          • $begingroup$
            So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:45










          • $begingroup$
            aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
















          3












          $begingroup$

          You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.



          You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).



          For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives



          $$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$



          Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to



          $$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$



          Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation



          $$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$



          The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.



          See if you can finish now.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$













          • $begingroup$
            I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:21












          • $begingroup$
            @Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:26










          • $begingroup$
            so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:34










          • $begingroup$
            So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:45










          • $begingroup$
            aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:47














          3












          3








          3





          $begingroup$

          You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.



          You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).



          For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives



          $$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$



          Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to



          $$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$



          Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation



          $$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$



          The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.



          See if you can finish now.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          You are conflating incompressible with inviscid. Here we have flow of an incompressible viscous fluid and the term $nu nabla^2 mathbf{v}$ may not be neglected.



          You are asked to find "a solution" under the assumptions that the flow is steady and uniform in the x-direction. This implies fully-developed unidirectional flow where the only non-vanishing component of velocity is $u$ (i.e., the component in the x-direction).



          For an incompressible fluid, the equation of continuity gives



          $$nabla cdot mathbf{v} = frac{partial u}{partial x} = 0$$



          Thus, $u$ is a function only of the y-coordinate and the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to



          $$0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial x} +g sin alpha + nu frac{d^2u}{dy^2}, \0 = -frac{1}{rho}frac{partial p}{partial y} -g cos alpha $$



          Since the flow is gravity-driven, we can neglect the x-component of the pressure pressure gradient $frac{partial p}{partial x}$ in the first equation and find $u$ by applying the two boundary conditions to the solution of the second-order differential equation



          $$nu frac{d^2 u}{dy^2} = -g sin alpha$$



          The second equation allows for solution of the pressure as a function of the y-coordinate.



          See if you can finish now.







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered Dec 24 '18 at 4:47









          RRLRRL

          51.7k42573




          51.7k42573












          • $begingroup$
            I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:21












          • $begingroup$
            @Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:26










          • $begingroup$
            so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:34










          • $begingroup$
            So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:45










          • $begingroup$
            aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:47


















          • $begingroup$
            I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:21












          • $begingroup$
            @Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:26










          • $begingroup$
            so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:34










          • $begingroup$
            So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
            $endgroup$
            – RRL
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:45










          • $begingroup$
            aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
            $endgroup$
            – Reety
            Dec 24 '18 at 5:47
















          $begingroup$
          I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
          $endgroup$
          – Reety
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:21






          $begingroup$
          I got the answer after integrating twice: $u=-frac{gy^2}{2v}sin(a)+Ay+B$, How would I go about calculating the speed with $mu$ given? @RRL
          $endgroup$
          – Reety
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:21














          $begingroup$
          @Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
          $endgroup$
          – RRL
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:26




          $begingroup$
          @Reety: Correct. The boundary conditions you identified above are correct as well , so you can solve for A and B. We get $B = 0$ etc.
          $endgroup$
          – RRL
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:26












          $begingroup$
          so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
          $endgroup$
          – Reety
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:34




          $begingroup$
          so the final answer is $u=frac{g}{2v}sina(2dy-y^2)$? and is this realistic?
          $endgroup$
          – Reety
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:34












          $begingroup$
          So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
          $endgroup$
          – RRL
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:45




          $begingroup$
          So you can set $y = d$ to get the maximum velocity at the surface. They want you to plug in values for the river and see if you get a realistic speed. They specified the viscosity $mu$ so you need to get the kinematic viscosity $nu = mu/rho$ by dividing by the density which is about $1 g/cm^3$ for water. They give you enough information to find the angle. They don't tell you the depth $d$ but you can use a number like $10 m$.
          $endgroup$
          – RRL
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:45












          $begingroup$
          aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
          $endgroup$
          – Reety
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:47




          $begingroup$
          aah right okay, ill try and figure it out now. Thank you very much!
          $endgroup$
          – Reety
          Dec 24 '18 at 5:47


















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